ID:ADCYA_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Adenylate cyclase type 10; EC=4.6.1.1; AltName: Full=AH-related protein; AltName: Full=Adenylate cyclase homolog; AltName: Full=Germ cell soluble adenylyl cyclase; Short=hsAC; Short=sAC; AltName: Full=Testicular soluble adenylyl cyclase; FUNCTION: Soluble adenylyl cyclase that has a critical role in mammalian spermatogenesis. Produces the cAMP which mediates in part the cAMP-responsive nuclear factors indispensable for maturation of sperm in the epididymis. Induces capacitation, the maturational process that sperm undergo prior to fertilization. May be the bicarbonate sensor. Involved in ciliary beat regulation. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. COFACTOR: Binds 2 magnesium ions per subunit (By similarity). ENZYME REGULATION: Activated by manganese or magnesium ions. In the presence of magnesium ions, the enzyme is activated by bicarbonate while in the presence of manganese ions, the enzyme is inhibited by bicarbonate. In the absence of magnesium and bicarbonate, the enzyme is weakly activated by calcium. BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Kinetic parameters: KM=0.8 mM for ATP-Mn(2+); KM=2.41 mM for Mg(2+); SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Note=Distributed to subcellular compartments containing cAMP targets. Found as a plasma membrane-associated protein, protein concentrated in the perinuclear region and protein colocalized with actin or tubulin. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Weakly expressed in multiple tissues. Expressed in brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, peripheral blood leukocytes, placenta, skeletal muscle, stomach, thymus, airway epithelial cells, duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Very low level of expression in bone. PTM: Cleavage may occur to generate the active 48 kDa form. DISEASE: Genetic variations in ADCY10 are a cause of susceptibility to hypercalciuria absorptive type 2 (HCA2) [MIM:143870]. Absorptive hypercalciuria is a common type of hypercalciuria, a condition characterized by excessive urinary calcium excretion. Absorptive hypercalciuria is due to gastrointestinal hyperabsorption of calcium and is a frequent cause of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family. SIMILARITY: Contains 2 guanylate cyclase domains.
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q96PN6
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Biological Process: GO:0003351 epithelial cilium movement GO:0006171 cAMP biosynthetic process GO:0007283 spermatogenesis GO:0009190 cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0035556 intracellular signal transduction GO:0043065 positive regulation of apoptotic process GO:0071241 cellular response to inorganic substance
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Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
