ID:AMPN_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Aminopeptidase N; Short=AP-N; Short=hAPN; EC=3.4.11.2; AltName: Full=Alanyl aminopeptidase; AltName: Full=Aminopeptidase M; Short=AP-M; AltName: Full=Microsomal aminopeptidase; AltName: Full=Myeloid plasma membrane glycoprotein CD13; AltName: Full=gp150; AltName: CD_antigen=CD13; FUNCTION: Broad specificity aminopeptidase. Plays a role in the final digestion of peptides generated from hydrolysis of proteins by gastric and pancreatic proteases. May play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone disease. May be involved in the metabolism of regulatory peptides of diverse cell types including small intestinal and tubular epithelial cells, macrophages, granulocytes and synaptic membranes from the CNS. Found to cleave antigen peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules of presenting cells and to degrade neurotransmitters at synaptic junctions. Is also implicated as a regulator of IL-8 bioavailability in the endometrium, and therefore may contribute to the regulation of angiogenesis. Is used as a marker for acute myeloid leukemia and plays a role in tumor invasion. In case of human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) infection, serves as receptor for HCoV-229E spike glycoprotein. Mediates as well human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Release of an N-terminal amino acid, Xaa-|- Yaa- from a peptide, amide or arylamide. Xaa is preferably Ala, but may be most amino acids including Pro (slow action). When a terminal hydrophobic residue is followed by a prolyl residue, the two may be released as an intact Xaa-Pro dipeptide. COFACTOR: Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit (By similarity). SUBUNIT: Homodimer. Interacts with the S1 domain of HCoV-229E spike protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Cytoplasm, cytosol (Potential). Note=A soluble form has also been detected. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in epithelial cells of the kidney, intestine, and respiratory tract; granulocytes, monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, cerebral pericytes at the blood- brain barrier, synaptic membranes of cells in the CNS. Also expressed in endometrial stromal cells, but not in the endometrial glandular cells. Found in the vasculature of tissues that undergo angiogenesis and in malignant gliomas and lymph node metastases from multiple tumor types but not in blood vessels of normal tissues. A soluble form has been found in plasma. It is found to be elevated in plasma and effusions of cancer patients. INDUCTION: Estradiol and IL8/interleukin-8 decrease enzymatic activity in vitro in endometrial stromal cells by 40% and 30%, respectively. DOMAIN: Amino acids 260-353 are essential to mediate susceptibility to infection with HCoV-229E (in porcine/human chimeric studies) and more specifically amino acids 288-295 (mutagenesis studies). PTM: Sulfated (By similarity). PTM: N- and O-glycosylated. PTM: May undergo proteolysis and give rise to a soluble form. MISCELLANEOUS: Found to serve as a receptor for tumor-homing peptides, more specifically NGR peptides. It could serve thus as a target for delivering drugs into tumors. Concentration in human hepatic bile, varies from 17.3 to 57.6 micrograms/ml. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M1 family.
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P15144
Front
Top
Side
The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.
Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
BioCarta from NCI Cancer Genome Anatomy Project h_dcPathway - Dendritic cells in regulating TH1 and TH2 Development h_SARSpathway - SARS Coronavirus Protease
Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)
Protein P15144 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):
US Server
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
