ID:ATF2_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2; Short=cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2; AltName: Full=Activating transcription factor 2; AltName: Full=Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 2; Short=CREB-2; Short=cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 2; AltName: Full=HB16; AltName: Full=cAMP response element-binding protein CRE-BP1; FUNCTION: Transcriptional activator, probably constitutive, which binds to the cAMP-responsive element (CRE) (consensus: 5'- GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3'), a sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. Interaction with JUN redirects JUN to bind to CRES preferentially over the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate response elements (TRES) as part of an ATF2/JUN complex. SUBUNIT: Binds DNA as a dimer and can form a homodimer in the absence of DNA. Can form a heterodimer with JUN. Interacts with SMAD3 and SMAD4. Binds through its N-terminal region to UTF1 which acts as a coactivator of ATF2 transcriptional activity. INTERACTION: P01100:FOS; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-1170906, EBI-852851; P05412:JUN; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-1170906, EBI-852823; Q15532:SS18; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-1170906, EBI-2560599; A4PIW0:SYT-SSX2; NbExp=11; IntAct=EBI-1170906, EBI-6050533; Q99986:VRK1; NbExp=5; IntAct=EBI-1170906, EBI-1769146; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Abundant expression seen in the brain. PTM: Phosphorylation of Thr-69 by MAPK14 and MAPK11, and at Thr-71 by MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK11, MAPK12 and MAPK14 in response to external stimulus like insulin causes increased transcriptional activity. Phosphorylated by PLK3 following hyperosmotic stress. Also phosphorylated and activated by JNK and CaMK4. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bZIP family. ATF subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 bZIP (basic-leucine zipper) domain. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 C2H2-type zinc finger. CAUTION: It is uncertain whether Met-1 or Met-19 is the initiator. WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology; URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/ATF2ID718ch2q31.html";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P15336
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
Molecular Function: GO:0000977 RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0000980 RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0000981 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0001077 transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding GO:0001102 RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor binding GO:0001158 enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0001228 transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding GO:0003676 nucleic acid binding GO:0003677 DNA binding GO:0003682 chromatin binding GO:0003700 transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0003705 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activity GO:0004402 histone acetyltransferase activity GO:0005515 protein binding GO:0008134 transcription factor binding GO:0008140 cAMP response element binding protein binding GO:0016740 transferase activity GO:0019901 protein kinase binding GO:0035497 cAMP response element binding GO:0043565 sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0046872 metal ion binding GO:0046982 protein heterodimerization activity
Biological Process: GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0003151 outflow tract morphogenesis GO:0006351 transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006357 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0006366 transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0006970 response to osmotic stress GO:0006974 cellular response to DNA damage stimulus GO:0009414 response to water deprivation GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression GO:0016525 negative regulation of angiogenesis GO:0016573 histone acetylation GO:0031573 intra-S DNA damage checkpoint GO:0032915 positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production GO:0043525 positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process GO:0045444 fat cell differentiation GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0050680 negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation GO:0051090 regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity GO:0051091 positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity GO:0060612 adipose tissue development GO:0097186 amelogenesis GO:1902110 positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process
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Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
