ID:SDF1_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Stromal cell-derived factor 1; Short=SDF-1; Short=hSDF-1; AltName: Full=C-X-C motif chemokine 12; AltName: Full=Intercrine reduced in hepatomas; Short=IRH; Short=hIRH; AltName: Full=Pre-B cell growth-stimulating factor; Short=PBSF; Contains: RecName: Full=SDF-1-beta(3-72); Contains: RecName: Full=SDF-1-alpha(3-67); Flags: Precursor; FUNCTION: Chemoattractant active on T-lymphocytes, monocytes, but not neutrophils. Activates the C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 to induce a rapid and transient rise in the level of intracellular calcium ions and chemotaxis. Also binds to another C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR7, which activates the beta-arrestin pathway and acts as a scavenger receptor for SDF-1. SDF-1-beta(3-72) and SDF-1- alpha(3-67) show a reduced chemotactic activity. Binding to cell surface proteoglycans seems to inhibit formation of SDF-1-alpha(3- 67) and thus to preserve activity on local sites. Acts as a positive regulator of monocyte migration and a negative regulator of monocyte adhesion via the LYN kinase. Stimulates migration of monocytes and T-lymphocytes through its receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7, and decreases monocyte adherence to surfaces coated with ICAM-1, a ligand for beta-2 integrins. SDF1A/CXCR4 signaling axis inhibits beta-2 integrin LFA-1 mediated adhesion of monocytes to ICAM-1 through LYN kinase. Inhibits CXCR4-mediated infection by T- cell line-adapted HIV-1. Plays a protective role after myocardial infarction. Induces down-regulation and internalization of CXCR7 expressed in various cells. Has several critical functions during embryonic development; required for B-cell lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis in bone marrow and heart ventricular septum formation. SUBUNIT: Monomer or homodimer; in equilibrium. Dimer formation is induced by non acidic pH and the presence of multivalent anions, and by binding to CXCR4 or heparin. Monomeric form is required for full chemotactic activity and resistance to ischemia/reperfusion injury, whereas the dimeric form acts as a partial agonist of CXCR4, stimulating Ca2+ mobilization but with no chemotactic activity and instead acts as a selective antagonist that blocks chemotaxis induced by the monomeric form. Interacts with the N- terminus of CXCR7. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Isoform Alpha and isoform Beta are ubiquitously expressed, with highest levels detected in liver, pancreas and spleen. Isoform Gamma is mainly expressed in heart, with weak expression detected in several other tissues. Isoform Delta, isoform Epsilon and isoform Theta have highest expression levels in pancreas, with lower levels detected in heart, kidney, liver and spleen. DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Isoform Alpha is ubiquitously expressed in fetal tissues. Isoform Beta and isoform Delta have more limited expression patterns, with highest levels detected in fetal spleen and fetal liver, respectively. Isoform Gamma and isoform Theta are weakly detected in fetal kidney. PTM: Processed forms SDF-1-beta(3-72) and SDF-1-alpha(3-67) are produced after secretion by proteolytic cleavage of isoforms Beta and Alpha, respectively. The N-terminal processing is probably achieved by DPP4. Isoform Alpha is first cleaved at the C-terminus to yield a SDF-1-alpha(1-67) intermediate before being processed at the N-terminus. The C-terminal processing of isoform Alpha is reduced by binding to heparin and, probably, cell surface proteoglycans. MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=7959; Method=Electrospray; Range=22-89 (P48061-2); Source=PubMed:14525775; MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=7606; Method=Electrospray; Range=24-88 (P48061-2); Source=PubMed:14525775; MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=8522; Method=Electrospray; Range=22-93 (P48061-1); Source=PubMed:14525775; MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=8297; Method=Electrospray; Range=24-93 (P48061-1); Source=PubMed:14525775; SIMILARITY: Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family. SEQUENCE CAUTION: Sequence=CAC10202.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=SDF-1 entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDF-1_%28biology%29"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=SeattleSNPs; URL="http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/cxcl12/";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P48061
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Biological Process: GO:0001666 response to hypoxia GO:0001764 neuron migration GO:0001938 positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation GO:0006874 cellular calcium ion homeostasis GO:0006935 chemotaxis GO:0006952 defense response GO:0006955 immune response GO:0007155 cell adhesion GO:0007165 signal transduction GO:0007186 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway GO:0007411 axon guidance GO:0007420 brain development GO:0008015 blood circulation GO:0008064 regulation of actin polymerization or depolymerization GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008344 adult locomotory behavior GO:0009314 response to radiation GO:0009408 response to heat GO:0009612 response to mechanical stimulus GO:0009615 response to virus GO:0010469 regulation of receptor activity GO:0010818 T cell chemotaxis GO:0022029 telencephalon cell migration GO:0030335 positive regulation of cell migration GO:0031100 animal organ regeneration GO:0031640 killing of cells of other organism GO:0033603 positive regulation of dopamine secretion GO:0033622 integrin activation GO:0043434 response to peptide hormone GO:0045666 positive regulation of neuron differentiation GO:0045785 positive regulation of cell adhesion GO:0048842 positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance GO:0050918 positive chemotaxis GO:0050930 induction of positive chemotaxis GO:0050965 detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain GO:0050966 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain GO:0051924 regulation of calcium ion transport GO:0060326 cell chemotaxis GO:0070098 chemokine-mediated signaling pathway GO:0090026 positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis GO:0090280 positive regulation of calcium ion import GO:1902230 negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage GO:1903237 negative regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling GO:1990478 response to ultrasound GO:2000406 positive regulation of T cell migration GO:2000669 negative regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process