ID:ESR2_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Estrogen receptor beta; Short=ER-beta; AltName: Full=Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group A member 2; FUNCTION: Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1, and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent manner. Isoform beta-cx lacks ligand binding ability and has no or only very low ere binding activity resulting in the loss of ligand-dependent transactivation ability. DNA- binding by ESR1 and ESR2 is rapidly lost at 37 degrees Celsius in the absence of ligand while in the presence of 17 beta-estradiol and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen loss in DNA-binding at elevated temperature is more gradual. SUBUNIT: Binds DNA as a homodimer. Can form a heterodimer with ESR1. Interacts with NCOA3, NCOA5 and NCOA6 coactivators, leading to a strong increase of transcription of target genes. Interacts with PELP1 and UBE1C. Isoform beta-2/cx preferentially forms a heterodimer with ESR1 rather than ESR2 and inhibits DNA-binding by ESR1. Interacts with AKAP13. Interacts with DNTTIP2. Interacts with isoform 4 of TXNRD1. Interacts with CCDC62 in the presence of estradiol/E2; this interaction seems to enhance the transcription of target genes, including cyclin-D1/CCND1 AP-1 promoter. Interacts with DYX1C1 (By similarity). Interacts with PRMT2. INTERACTION: P53041:PPP5C; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-78505, EBI-716663; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Isoform beta-1 is expressed in testis and ovary, and at a lower level in heart, brain, placenta, liver, skeletal muscle, spleen, thymus, prostate, colon, bone marrow, mammary gland and uterus. Also found in uterine bone, breast, and ovarian tumor cell lines, but not in colon and liver tumors. Isoform beta-2 is expressed in spleen, thymus, testis and ovary and at a lower level in skeletal muscle, prostate, colon, small intestine, leukocytes, bone marrow, mammary gland and uterus. Isoform beta-3 is found in testis. Isoform beta-4 is expressed in testis, and at a lower level in spleen, thymus, ovary, mammary gland and uterus. Isoform beta-5 is expressed in testis, placenta, skeletal muscle, spleen and leukocytes, and at a lower level in heart, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, thymus, prostate, colon, small intestine, bone marrow, mammary gland and uterus. Not expressed in brain. DOMAIN: Composed of three domains: a modulating N-terminal domain, a DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal ligand-binding domain. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 nuclear receptor DNA-binding domain. SEQUENCE CAUTION: Sequence=CAA67555.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended; WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology; URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org//Genes/ESR2ID40500ch14q23.html"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=Estrogen receptor entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_receptor";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q92731
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
Molecular Function: GO:0000981 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0001046 core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0003677 DNA binding GO:0003700 transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0003707 steroid hormone receptor activity GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activity GO:0004879 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0005496 steroid binding GO:0005515 protein binding GO:0008270 zinc ion binding GO:0008289 lipid binding GO:0019899 enzyme binding GO:0030284 estrogen receptor activity GO:0034056 estrogen response element binding GO:0038052 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, estrogen-activated sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0042802 identical protein binding GO:0043565 sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0046872 metal ion binding GO:0048019 receptor antagonist activity
Biological Process: GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0006351 transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006367 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0007165 signal transduction GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling GO:0030308 negative regulation of cell growth GO:0030520 intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway GO:0045893 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0051091 positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity GO:0071392 cellular response to estradiol stimulus GO:1900116 extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction
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Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
