Human Gene GAST (ENST00000329402.4_4) from GENCODE V47lift37
  Description: gastrin (from RefSeq NM_000805.5)
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000329402.4_4
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000184502.4_7
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg19 chr17:39,868,583-39,872,221 Size: 3,639 Total Exon Count: 3 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: hg19 chr17:39,871,689-39,872,124 Size: 436 Coding Exon Count: 2 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersMalaCardsCTD
Gene AllelesRNA-Seq ExpressionMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther Species
GO AnnotationsmRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther NamesModel InformationMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2024-08-22 23:36:26

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr17:39,868,583-39,872,221)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (101 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAVisiGeneGene interactionsTable Schema
AlphaFoldBioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGeneCards
HGNCMalacardsMGIOMIMPubMedReactome
UniProtKBWikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: GAST_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Gastrin; Contains: RecName: Full=Gastrin-71; AltName: Full=Gastrin component I; Contains: RecName: Full=Gastrin-52; Short=G52; Contains: RecName: Full=Big gastrin; AltName: Full=Gastrin component II; AltName: Full=Gastrin-34; Short=G34; Contains: RecName: Full=Gastrin; AltName: Full=Gastrin component III; AltName: Full=Gastrin-17; Short=G17; Contains: RecName: Full=Gastrin-14; Short=G14; Contains: RecName: Full=Gastrin-6; Short=G6; Flags: Precursor;
FUNCTION: Gastrin stimulates the stomach mucosa to produce and secrete hydrochloric acid and the pancreas to secrete its digestive enzymes. It also stimulates smooth muscle contraction and increases blood circulation and water secretion in the stomach and intestine.
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.
PTM: Two different processing pathways probably exist in antral G- cells. In the dominant pathway progastrin is cleaved at three sites resulting in two major bioactive gastrins, gastrin-34 and gastrin-17. In the putative alternative pathway, progastrin may be processed only at the most C-terminal dibasic site resulting in the synthesis of gastrin-71.
PTM: Sulfation enhances proteolytic processing, and blocks peptide degradation. Levels of sulfation differ between proteolytically- cleaved gastrins. Thus, gastrin-6 is almost 73% sulfated, whereas the larger gastrins are less than 50% sulfated. Sulfation levels are also tissue-specific.
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the gastrin/cholecystokinin family.
WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=Gastrin entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrin";

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  MalaCards Disease Associations
  MalaCards Gene Search: GAST
Diseases sorted by gene-association score: duodenal ulcer (28), gastritis (25), islet cell tumor (23), duodenitis (22), pernicious anemia (19), atrophic gastritis (14), gastrinoma (13), neuroendocrine tumor (13), zollinger-ellison syndrome (13), peptic ulcer disease (12), gastric ulcer (10), vipoma (10), gastroparesis (9), duodenogastric reflux (8), pancreatic cancer (8), gastric adenocarcinoma (6), stomach cancer (5), colorectal cancer (5), haemonchiasis (5), postcholecystectomy syndrome (5), autoimmune atrophic gastritis (5), hyperparathyroidism (4), multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (4), gastric neuroendocrine tumor (4), gastrointestinal system disease (4), endocrine gland cancer (4), ostertagiasis (3), gastric body carcinoma (3), small cell cancer of the lung, somatic (3), medullary thyroid carcinoma, familial (3), mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma (3), pancreatic islet cell tumors (3), diarrhea (3), constipation (3), goblet cell carcinoid (3), hyperparathyroidism, familial primary (3), gastric gastrinoma (3), trichostrongyloidiasis (3), gastrointestinal neuroendocrine benign tumor (3), gastric neuroendocrine neoplasm (3), stomach disease (2), duodenal gastrinoma (2), barrett esophagus/esophageal adenocarcinoma (2), mucinous ovarian cystadenoma (2), pancreatic gastrinoma (2), pancreatic cholera (2), gastric cancer, somatic (2), esophageal disease (2), pylorospasm (2), microinvasive gastric cancer (1), retinitis pigmentosa-40 (1), granulomatous gastritis (1), nasal cavity adenocarcinoma (1), diphyllobothriasis (1), serotonin syndrome (1), peptic ulcer perforation (1), non-functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor (1), cataract 14, multiple types (1), ovarian cystic teratoma (1), space motion sickness (1), long qt syndrome 1 (1)

-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

+  Common Gene Haplotype Alleles
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 0.24 RPKM in Brain - Hypothalamus
Total median expression: 1.22 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
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-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -15.8062-0.255 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -8.7097-0.090 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR001651 - Gastrin
IPR013152 - Gastrin/cholecystokinin_CS

Pfam Domains:
PF00918 - Gastrin/cholecystokinin family

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P01350
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The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
No orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene DetailsGene Details    
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-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0005179 hormone activity
GO:0005515 protein binding

Biological Process:
GO:0007165 signal transduction
GO:0007186 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
GO:0010469 regulation of receptor activity
GO:0032094 response to food

Cellular Component:
GO:0005576 extracellular region
GO:0005615 extracellular space


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  HQ448465 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100071894; CCSB014010_01 gastrin (GAST) gene, encodes complete protein.
JD441603 - Sequence 422627 from Patent EP1572962.
JD104937 - Sequence 85961 from Patent EP1572962.
BC069762 - Homo sapiens gastrin, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:97281 IMAGE:7262530), complete cds.
BC069724 - Homo sapiens gastrin, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:97269 IMAGE:7262518), complete cds.
V00511 - Human mRNA encoding pregastrin (a regulatory hormone of gastric acid secretin and growth of the gastrointestinal mucosa).
E01795 - mRNA sequence coding for human gastrin.
KJ891202 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_00596 GAST gene, encodes complete protein.
JD287691 - Sequence 268715 from Patent EP1572962.
JD248252 - Sequence 229276 from Patent EP1572962.
JD069506 - Sequence 50530 from Patent EP1572962.
JD133581 - Sequence 114605 from Patent EP1572962.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein P01350 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-870269 Gastrin binds to CCK-B receptor
R-HSA-749452 The Ligand:GPCR:Gq complex dissociates
R-HSA-749448 Liganded Gq-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric Gq
R-HSA-379048 Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11
R-HSA-881907 Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK
R-HSA-416476 G alpha (q) signalling events
R-HSA-388396 GPCR downstream signalling
R-HSA-372790 Signaling by GPCR
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: ENST00000329402.1, ENST00000329402.2, ENST00000329402.3, GAS, GAST_HUMAN, NM_000805, P01350, P78463, P78464, uc317ssq.1, uc317ssq.2
UCSC ID: ENST00000329402.4_4
RefSeq Accession: NM_000805.5
Protein: P01350 (aka GAST_HUMAN)

-  Gene Model Information
  Click here for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.