Human Gene GDF15 (ENST00000252809.3_4) from GENCODE V47lift37
  Description: growth differentiation factor 15 (from RefSeq NM_004864.4)
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000252809.3_4
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000130513.7_9
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg19 chr19:18,496,968-18,499,986 Size: 3,019 Total Exon Count: 2 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: hg19 chr19:18,497,000-18,499,745 Size: 2,746 Coding Exon Count: 2 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersMalaCardsCTD
Gene AllelesRNA-Seq ExpressionMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther Species
GO AnnotationsmRNA DescriptionsOther NamesModel InformationMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2024-08-22 23:36:26

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr19:18,496,968-18,499,986)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (308 aa)
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HGNCMalacardsMGIOMIMPubMedUniProtKB
WikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: GDF15_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Growth/differentiation factor 15; Short=GDF-15; AltName: Full=Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1; Short=MIC-1; AltName: Full=NSAID-activated gene 1 protein; Short=NAG-1; AltName: Full=NSAID-regulated gene 1 protein; Short=NRG-1; AltName: Full=Placental TGF-beta; AltName: Full=Placental bone morphogenetic protein; AltName: Full=Prostate differentiation factor; Flags: Precursor;
SUBUNIT: Homodimer; disulfide-linked (By similarity).
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted (Probable).
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in placenta, with lower levels in prostate and colon and some expression in kidney.
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TGF-beta family.
WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology; URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/GDF15ID40701ch19p13.html";

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  MalaCards Disease Associations
  MalaCards Gene Search: GDF15
Diseases sorted by gene-association score: pulmonary systemic sclerosis (16), pyruvate kinase deficiency (6), oral cavity cancer (6), colorectal cancer (3), prostate cancer (3), heart disease (2)

-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

+  Common Gene Haplotype Alleles
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 67.54 RPKM in Kidney - Cortex
Total median expression: 255.47 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -2.2032-0.069 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -64.70241-0.268 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR001839 - TGF-b_C
IPR015615 - TGF-beta-rel

Pfam Domains:
PF00019 - Transforming growth factor beta like domain

SCOP Domains:
57501 - Cystine-knot cytokines

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q99988
FrontTopSide
The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
No orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene DetailsGene Details    
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-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0005125 cytokine activity
GO:0005160 transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
GO:0005515 protein binding
GO:0008083 growth factor activity
GO:0042803 protein homodimerization activity

Biological Process:
GO:0000187 activation of MAPK activity
GO:0002023 reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess
GO:0007165 signal transduction
GO:0007179 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling
GO:0010469 regulation of receptor activity
GO:0010862 positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
GO:0030509 BMP signaling pathway
GO:0035860 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
GO:0040015 negative regulation of multicellular organism growth
GO:0042981 regulation of apoptotic process
GO:0043408 regulation of MAPK cascade
GO:0043410 positive regulation of MAPK cascade
GO:0048468 cell development
GO:0051897 positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling
GO:0060395 SMAD protein signal transduction
GO:0060400 negative regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway
GO:1901741 positive regulation of myoblast fusion

Cellular Component:
GO:0005576 extracellular region
GO:0005615 extracellular space
GO:0005634 nucleus
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  LF208133 - JP 2014500723-A/15636: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
AK225431 - Homo sapiens mRNA for Growth/differentiation factor 15 precursor variant, clone: HRC10206.
AK225425 - Homo sapiens mRNA for Growth/differentiation factor 15 precursor variant, clone: HRC10120.
AK291530 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ75702 complete cds, highly similar to Homo sapiens growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), mRNA.
AB000584 - Homo sapiens mRNA for TGF-beta superfamily protein, complete cds.
E09952 - cDNA encoding human novel protein which is belong to TGF-beta super family.
BC008962 - Homo sapiens growth differentiation factor 15, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:4145 IMAGE:3009858), complete cds.
E10038 - cDNA encoding active oxygen production inhibitor(AOPI).
U88323 - Human placental bone morphogenic protein PLAB mRNA, complete cds.
BC000529 - Homo sapiens growth differentiation factor 15, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:8645 IMAGE:2961614), complete cds.
AF019770 - Homo sapiens macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) mRNA, complete cds.
U51731 - Human trophoblast mRNA, clone PL74, partial sequence.
AF003934 - Homo sapiens prostate differentiation factor mRNA, complete cds.
KJ892788 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_02182 GDF15 gene, encodes complete protein.
BT019465 - Homo sapiens prostate differentiation factor mRNA, complete cds.
E10037 - cDNA of the precursor protein of active oxygen production inhibitor (AOPI).
E10036 - DNA sequence coding active oxygen production inhibitor.
AF173860 - Homo sapiens NSAID-activated protein 1 NAG-1 mRNA, partial cds.
JD079919 - Sequence 60943 from Patent EP1572962.
JD323537 - Sequence 304561 from Patent EP1572962.
MA443710 - JP 2018138019-A/15636: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: ENST00000252809.1, ENST00000252809.2, GDF15 , GDF15_HUMAN, MIC1 , NM_004864, O14629, P78360, PDF, PLAB, PTGFB, Q99988, Q9BWA0, Q9NRT0, uc317fiq.1, uc317fiq.2
UCSC ID: ENST00000252809.3_4
RefSeq Accession: NM_004864.4
Protein: Q99988 (aka GDF15_HUMAN or GDFF_HUMAN)

-  Gene Model Information
  Click here for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.