ID:GLSK_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial; Short=GLS; EC=3.5.1.2; AltName: Full=K-glutaminase; AltName: Full=L-glutamine amidohydrolase; Flags: Precursor; FUNCTION: Catalyzes the first reaction in the primary pathway for the renal catabolism of glutamine. Plays a role in maintaining acid-base homeostasis. Regulates the levels of the neurotransmitter glutamate in the brain. Isoform 2 lacks catalytic activity. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: L-glutamine + H(2)O = L-glutamate + NH(3). ENZYME REGULATION: Isoform 1 and isoform 3 are activated by phosphate. Inhibited by BPTES. BPTES binds between subunits and favors dissociation of the tetramer into dimers. BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Kinetic parameters: KM=1.9 mM for glutamine (isoform 1); KM=1.4 mM for glutamine (isoform 3); SUBUNIT: Heterotetramer. Interacts with ATCAY; the interaction is direct and may control GLS localization, negatively regulating its activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 1: Cytoplasm, cytosol. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 3: Mitochondrion. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Isoform 1 and isoform 3 are detected in brain cortex. Isoform 3 is highly expressed in astrocytoma, ganglioglioma and ependymoma. Isoform 1 is highly expressed in brain and kidney, but not detected in liver. Isoform 3 is highly expressed in heart and pancreas, detected at lower levels in placenta, lung, pancreas and kidney, but is not detected in liver. Isoform 2 is expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutaminase family. SIMILARITY: Contains 2 ANK repeats. CAUTION: Isoform 3 is predicted to be expressed at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense- mediated mRNA decay (PubMed:14759258), but has been shown to be well expressed (PubMed:17940881 and PubMed:11015561) and the encoded protein is detected in mitochondria (PubMed:22228304). SEQUENCE CAUTION: Sequence=BAA74861.2; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally shortened;
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on O94925
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Biological Process: GO:0001967 suckling behavior GO:0002087 regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by neurological system process GO:0006537 glutamate biosynthetic process GO:0006541 glutamine metabolic process GO:0006543 glutamine catabolic process GO:0007268 chemical synaptic transmission GO:0008652 cellular amino acid biosynthetic process GO:0014047 glutamate secretion GO:0051289 protein homotetramerization
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Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
