Human Gene GMNN (ENST00000230056.8_4) from GENCODE V47lift37
  Description: geminin DNA replication inhibitor, transcript variant 1 (from RefSeq NM_015895.5)
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000230056.8_4
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000112312.10_9
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg19 chr6:24,775,165-24,786,327 Size: 11,163 Total Exon Count: 7 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: hg19 chr6:24,777,475-24,786,027 Size: 8,553 Coding Exon Count: 6 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersMalaCardsCTD
Gene AllelesRNA-Seq ExpressionMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther Species
GO AnnotationsmRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther NamesModel InformationMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2024-08-22 23:36:26

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr6:24,775,165-24,786,327)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (209 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAVisiGeneGene interactionsTable Schema
AlphaFoldBioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGeneCards
HGNCMalacardsMGIOMIMPubMedReactome
UniProtKBWikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: GEMI_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Geminin;
FUNCTION: Inhibits DNA replication by preventing the incorporation of MCM complex into pre-replication complex (pre-RC). It is degraded during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. Its destruction at the metaphase-anaphase transition permits replication in the succeeding cell cycle.
SUBUNIT: Homotetramer. Interacts with CDT1; inhibits binding of the MCM complex to origins of replication. Interacts with IDAS; targets GMNN to the nucleus, prevents GMNN interaction with CDT1 and competes with IDAS homodimerization.
INTERACTION: Q9H211:CDT1; NbExp=8; IntAct=EBI-371669, EBI-456953; D6RGH6:MCI; NbExp=7; IntAct=EBI-371669, EBI-3954372;
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Mainly cytoplasmic but can be relocalized to the nucleus.
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Absent during G1 phase, accumulates during S, G2, and M phases, and disappears at the time of the metaphase- anaphase transition.
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the geminin family.
SEQUENCE CAUTION: Sequence=CAC21511.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  MalaCards Disease Associations
  MalaCards Gene Search: GMNN
Diseases sorted by gene-association score: meier-gorlin syndrome 6* (1229), meier-gorlin syndrome 1* (542), melanoacanthoma (11), oligodendroglioma (2)
* = Manually curated disease association

-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene

+  Common Gene Haplotype Alleles
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 19.43 RPKM in Pancreas
Total median expression: 309.56 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -134.60333-0.404 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -59.30300-0.198 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR022786 - Geminin_fam

Pfam Domains:
PF07412 - Geminin

SCOP Domains:
47240 - Ferritin-like
52540 - P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases
111469 - Geminin coiled-coil domain

Protein Data Bank (PDB) 3-D Structure
MuPIT help
1T6F - X-ray 1UII - X-ray MuPIT 2LP0 - NMR MuPIT 2WVR - X-ray MuPIT


ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on O75496
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The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
No orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene DetailsGene Details    
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-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
GO:0003714 transcription corepressor activity
GO:0005515 protein binding
GO:0042826 histone deacetylase binding
GO:0070491 repressing transcription factor binding

Biological Process:
GO:0000082 G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
GO:0006275 regulation of DNA replication
GO:0007049 cell cycle
GO:0008156 negative regulation of DNA replication
GO:0009887 animal organ morphogenesis
GO:0035563 positive regulation of chromatin binding
GO:0045786 negative regulation of cell cycle
GO:0045892 negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0065003 macromolecular complex assembly
GO:0071163 DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly
GO:2000104 negative regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication

Cellular Component:
GO:0005634 nucleus
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
GO:0005829 cytosol


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  AK021685 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ11623 fis, clone HEMBA1004168, highly similar to Geminin.
AK315743 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ96852.
BC005389 - Homo sapiens geminin, DNA replication inhibitor, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:12517 IMAGE:3996265), complete cds.
BC005185 - Homo sapiens geminin, DNA replication inhibitor, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:12176 IMAGE:4101771), complete cds.
JD514346 - Sequence 495370 from Patent EP1572962.
JD541822 - Sequence 522846 from Patent EP1572962.
JD345123 - Sequence 326147 from Patent EP1572962.
AF067855 - Homo sapiens geminin mRNA, complete cds.
AB528703 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB6941, Homo sapiens GMNN gene for geminin, DNA replication inhibitor, without stop codon, in Flexi system.
CU675031 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens gateway clone IMAGE:100020168 5' read GMNN mRNA.
HQ448314 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100071730; CCSB005591_03 geminin, DNA replication inhibitor (GMNN) gene, encodes complete protein.
KJ893792 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_03186 GMNN gene, encodes complete protein.
AK222992 - Homo sapiens mRNA for geminin variant, clone: HSI10825.
JD215130 - Sequence 196154 from Patent EP1572962.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein O75496 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-69299 Cdt1 associates with geminin
R-HSA-68712 The geminin component of geminin:Cdt1 complexes is ubiquitinated, releasing Cdt1
R-HSA-68962 Activation of the pre-replicative complex
R-HSA-68827 CDT1 association with the CDC6:ORC:origin complex
R-HSA-69002 DNA Replication Pre-Initiation
R-HSA-69206 G1/S Transition
R-HSA-68867 Assembly of the pre-replicative complex
R-HSA-68874 M/G1 Transition
R-HSA-453279 Mitotic G1-G1/S phases
R-HSA-69278 Cell Cycle (Mitotic)
R-HSA-69306 DNA Replication
R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: B3KMM8, ENST00000230056.1, ENST00000230056.2, ENST00000230056.3, ENST00000230056.4, ENST00000230056.5, ENST00000230056.6, ENST00000230056.7, GEMI_HUMAN, NM_015895, O75496, Q9H1Z1, uc317dsa.1, uc317dsa.2
UCSC ID: ENST00000230056.8_4
RefSeq Accession: NM_015895.5
Protein: O75496 (aka GEMI_HUMAN)

-  Gene Model Information
  Click here for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.