ID:GRN_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Granulins; AltName: Full=Proepithelin; Short=PEPI; Contains: RecName: Full=Acrogranin; Contains: RecName: Full=Paragranulin; Contains: RecName: Full=Granulin-1; AltName: Full=Granulin G; Contains: RecName: Full=Granulin-2; AltName: Full=Granulin F; Contains: RecName: Full=Granulin-3; AltName: Full=Granulin B; Contains: RecName: Full=Granulin-4; AltName: Full=Granulin A; Contains: RecName: Full=Granulin-5; AltName: Full=Granulin C; Contains: RecName: Full=Granulin-6; AltName: Full=Granulin D; Contains: RecName: Full=Granulin-7; AltName: Full=Granulin E; Flags: Precursor; FUNCTION: Granulins have possible cytokine-like activity. They may play a role in inflammation, wound repair, and tissue remodeling. FUNCTION: Granulin-4 promotes proliferation of the epithelial cell line A431 in culture while granulin-3 acts as an antagonist to granulin-4, inhibiting the growth. INTERACTION: O00555:CACNA1A; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-747754, EBI-766279; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: In myelogenous leukemic cell lines of promonocytic, promyelocytic, and proerythroid lineage, in fibroblasts, and very strongly in epithelial cell lines. Present in inflammatory cells and bone marrow. Highest levels in kidney. PTM: Granulins are disulfide bridged. DISEASE: Defects in GRN are the cause of ubiquitin-positive frontotemporal dementia (UP-FTD) [MIM:607485]; also known as tau- negative frontotemporal dementia linked to chromosome 17. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common cause of dementia in people under the age of 65 years. It is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. DISEASE: Defects in GRN are the cause of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 11 (CLN11) [MIM:614706]. A form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis characterized by rapidly progressive visual loss due to retinal dystrophy, seizures, cerebellar ataxia, and cerebellar atrophy. Cognitive decline may also occur. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are progressive neurodegenerative, lysosomal storage diseases characterized by intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent liposomal material. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the granulin family. WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology; URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/GRNID40757ch17q21.html"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=GeneReviews; URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/GRN";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P28799
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
US Server
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
