ID:NOS2_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Nitric oxide synthase, inducible; EC=1.14.13.39; AltName: Full=Hepatocyte NOS; Short=HEP-NOS; AltName: Full=Inducible NO synthase; Short=Inducible NOS; Short=iNOS; AltName: Full=NOS type II; AltName: Full=Peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase NOS2; FUNCTION: Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In macrophages, NO mediates tumoricidal and bactericidal actions. Also has nitrosylase activity and mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of cytoplasmic target proteins such COX2. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: 2 L-arginine + 3 NADPH + 4 O(2) = 2 L- citrulline + 2 nitric oxide + 3 NADP(+) + 4 H(2)O. COFACTOR: Heme group (By similarity). COFACTOR: Binds 1 FAD (By similarity). COFACTOR: Binds 1 FMN (By similarity). COFACTOR: Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). May stabilize the dimeric form of the enzyme (By similarity). ENZYME REGULATION: Regulated by calcium/calmodulin. Aspirin inhibits expression and function of this enzyme and effects may be exerted at the level of translational/post-translational modification and directly on the catalytic activity (By similarity). SUBUNIT: Homodimer. Binds SLC9A3R1. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in the liver, retina, bone cells and airway epithelial cells of the lung. Not expressed in the platelets. INDUCTION: By endotoxins and cytokines. Induced by IFNG/IFN-gamma acting synergistically with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), TNF or IL1B/interleukin-1 beta. POLYMORPHISM: Note=Genetic variations in NOS2 are involved in resistance to malaria [MIM:611162]. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NOS family. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 FAD-binding FR-type domain. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 flavodoxin-like domain. WEB RESOURCE: Name=NIEHS-SNPs; URL="http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/nos2a/"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=Nitric oxide synthase entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P35228
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Biological Process: GO:0001666 response to hypoxia GO:0001912 positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity GO:0002227 innate immune response in mucosa GO:0006527 arginine catabolic process GO:0006625 protein targeting to peroxisome GO:0006801 superoxide metabolic process GO:0006809 nitric oxide biosynthetic process GO:0007263 nitric oxide mediated signal transduction GO:0007623 circadian rhythm GO:0009617 response to bacterium GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression GO:0018119 peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation GO:0019221 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway GO:0031284 positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity GO:0032310 prostaglandin secretion GO:0032496 response to lipopolysaccharide GO:0035690 cellular response to drug GO:0042127 regulation of cell proliferation GO:0042177 negative regulation of protein catabolic process GO:0042742 defense response to bacterium GO:0043457 regulation of cellular respiration GO:0045454 cell redox homeostasis GO:0045776 negative regulation of blood pressure GO:0050796 regulation of insulin secretion GO:0050829 defense response to Gram-negative bacterium GO:0051712 positive regulation of killing of cells of other organism GO:0055114 oxidation-reduction process GO:0071222 cellular response to lipopolysaccharide GO:0071346 cellular response to interferon-gamma GO:0072604 interleukin-6 secretion GO:0072606 interleukin-8 secretion GO:1900015 regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response
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Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
