ID:PADI4_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Protein-arginine deiminase type-4; EC=3.5.3.15; AltName: Full=HL-60 PAD; AltName: Full=Peptidylarginine deiminase IV; AltName: Full=Protein-arginine deiminase type IV; FUNCTION: Catalyzes the citrullination/deimination of arginine residues of proteins. Citrullinates histone H3 at 'Arg-8' and/or 'Arg-17' and histone H4 at 'Arg-3', which prevents their methylation by CARM1 and HRMT1L2/PRMT1 and represses transcription. Citrullinates EP300/P300 at 'Arg-2142', which favors its interaction with NCOA2/GRIP1. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Protein L-arginine + H(2)O = protein L- citrulline + NH(3). COFACTOR: Binds 5 calcium ions per subunit. BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Kinetic parameters: KM=0.055 mM for fibrinogen; KM=0.064 mM for filaggrin; Vmax=33.2 umol/h/mg enzyme toward fibrinogen; Vmax=8.0 umol/h/mg enzyme toward filaggrin; pH dependence: Optimum pH is 6.5-9.0; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cytoplasmic granule. Note=Cytoplasmic granules of eosinophils and neutrophils. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in eosinophils and neutrophils, not expressed in peripheral monocytes or lymphocytes. DISEASE: Genetic variations in PADI4 are a cause of susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [MIM:180300]. It is a systemic inflammatory disease with autoimmune features and a complex genetic component. It primarily affects the joints and is characterized by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Note=Could have an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis by increasing citrullination of proteins in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissues, leading, in a cytokine-rich milieu, to a break in tolerance to citrullinated peptides processed and presented in the appropriate HLA context. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein arginine deiminase family.
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q9UM07
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
US Server
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
