ID:PAK1_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1; EC=2.7.11.1; AltName: Full=Alpha-PAK; AltName: Full=p21-activated kinase 1; Short=PAK-1; AltName: Full=p65-PAK; FUNCTION: The activated kinase acts on a variety of targets. Likely to be the GTPase effector that links the Rho-related GTPases to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Activated by CDC42 and RAC1. Involved in dissolution of stress fibers and reorganization of focal complexes. Involved in regulation of microtubule biogenesis through phosphorylation of TBCB. DVL1 and PAK1 form a ternary complex with MUSK which is important for MUSK-dependent regulation of AChR clustering during the formation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Activity is inhibited in cells undergoing apoptosis, potentially due to binding of CDC2L1 and CDC2L2. Phosphorylates MYL9/MLC2. Phosphorylates RAF1 at 'Ser-338' and 'Ser-339' resulting in: activation of RAF1, stimulation of RAF1 translocation to mitochondria, phosphorylation of BAD by RAF1, and RAF1 binding to BCL2. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. COFACTOR: Magnesium. ENZYME REGULATION: Activated by binding small G proteins. Binding of GTP-bound CDC42 or RAC1 to the autoregulatory region releases monomers from the autoinhibited dimer, enables phosphorylation of Thr-423 and allows the kinase domain to adopt an active structure. Also activated by binding to GTP-bound CDC42, independent of the phosphorylation state of Thr-423. Phosphorylation of Thr-84 by OXSR1 inhibits this activation (By similarity). Phosphorylation at Thr-423 by PDPK1 results in its activation. SUBUNIT: Homodimer in its autoinhibited state. Active as monomer. Interacts tightly with GTP-bound but not GDP-bound CDC42/P21 and RAC1. Binds to the caspase-cleaved p110 isoform of CDC2L1 and CDC2L2, p110C, but not the full-length proteins. Component of cytoplasmic complexes, which also contain PXN, ARHGEF6 and GIT1. Interacts with ARHGEF7. Also interacts with CRIPAK. Interacts with NISCH (By similarity). Interacts with DVL1; mediates the formation of a DVL1, MUSK and PAK1 ternary complex involved in AChR clustering (By similarity). Probably found in a ternary complex composed of DSCAM, PAK1 and RAC1. Interacts with DSCAM (via cytoplasmic domain); the interaction is direct and enhanced in presence of RAC1. Interacts with SCRIB. Interacts with PDPK1. Interacts (via kinase domain) with RAF1. Interaction with NCK1 and NCK2. INTERACTION: P60953:CDC42; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-1307, EBI-81752; P21127:CDK11B; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-1307, EBI-1298; Q8N1N5:CRIPAK; NbExp=6; IntAct=EBI-1307, EBI-1205846; P53667:LIMK1; NbExp=5; IntAct=EBI-1307, EBI-444403; P63000:RAC1; NbExp=7; IntAct=EBI-1307, EBI-413628; Q7L0Q8:RHOU; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-1019502, EBI-1638043; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Cell junction, focal adhesion. Note=Recruited to focal adhesions upon activation. PTM: Autophosphorylated when activated by CDC42/p21 and RAC1. Phosphorylation at Thr-423 by PDPK1 results in its activation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 CRIB domain. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 protein kinase domain. WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology; URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/PAK1ID41633ch11q13.html";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q13153
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
US Server
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
