ID:PAK4_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 4; EC=2.7.11.1; AltName: Full=p21-activated kinase 4; Short=PAK-4; FUNCTION: Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell migration, growth, proliferation or cell survival. Activation by various effectors including growth factor receptors or active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Phosphorylates and inactivates the protein phosphatase SSH1, leading to increased inhibitory phosphorylation of the actin binding/depolymerizing factor cofilin. Decreased cofilin activity may lead to stabilization of actin filaments. Phosphorylates LIMK1, a kinase that also inhibits the activity of cofilin. Phosphorylates integrin beta5/ITGB5 and thus regulates cell motility. Phosphorylates ARHGEF2 and activates the downstream target RHOA that plays a role in the regulation of assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Stimulates cell survival by phosphorylating the BCL2 antagonist of cell death BAD. Alternatively, inhibits apoptosis by preventing caspase-8 binding to death domain receptors in a kinase independent manner. Plays a role in cell-cycle progression by controlling levels of the cell-cycle regulatory protein CDKN1A and by phosphorylating RAN. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. SUBUNIT: Interacts with FGFR2 and GRB2 (By similarity). Interacts tightly with GTP-bound but not GDP-bound CDC42/p21 and weakly with RAC1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Note=Seems to shuttle between cytoplasmic compartments depending on the activating effector. For example, can be found on the cell periphery after activation of growth-factor or integrin-mediated signaling pathways. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highest expression in prostate, testis and colon. PTM: Autophosphorylated on serine residues when activated by CDC42/p21. PTM: Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon stimulation of FGFR2 (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 CRIB domain. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 protein kinase domain. SEQUENCE CAUTION: Sequence=BAA86456.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Sequence=BAC11166.1; Type=Erroneous initiation;
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on O96013
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Biological Process: GO:0006468 protein phosphorylation GO:0006915 apoptotic process GO:0007010 cytoskeleton organization GO:0007049 cell cycle GO:0007165 signal transduction GO:0007266 Rho protein signal transduction GO:0007346 regulation of mitotic cell cycle GO:0008283 cell proliferation GO:0016049 cell growth GO:0016310 phosphorylation GO:0016477 cell migration GO:0023014 signal transduction by protein phosphorylation GO:0030036 actin cytoskeleton organization GO:0031098 stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade GO:0032147 activation of protein kinase activity GO:0042981 regulation of apoptotic process GO:0043408 regulation of MAPK cascade GO:0045766 positive regulation of angiogenesis GO:0060996 dendritic spine development GO:0071407 cellular response to organic cyclic compound GO:0098609 cell-cell adhesion GO:2000352 negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process
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Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
