ID:PDYN_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Proenkephalin-B; AltName: Full=Beta-neoendorphin-dynorphin; AltName: Full=Preprodynorphin; Contains: RecName: Full=Alpha-neoendorphin; Contains: RecName: Full=Beta-neoendorphin; Contains: RecName: Full=Big dynorphin; Short=Big Dyn; Contains: RecName: Full=Dynorphin A(1-17); Short=Dyn-A17; Short=Dynorphin A; Contains: RecName: Full=Dynorphin A(1-13); Contains: RecName: Full=Dynorphin A(1-8); Contains: RecName: Full=Leu-enkephalin; Contains: RecName: Full=Rimorphin; AltName: Full=Dynorphin B; Short=Dyn-B; AltName: Full=Dynorphin B(1-13); Contains: RecName: Full=Leumorphin; AltName: Full=Dynorphin B-29; Flags: Precursor; FUNCTION: Leu-enkephalins compete with and mimic the effects of opiate drugs. They play a role in a number of physiologic functions, including pain perception and responses to stress (By similarity). FUNCTION: Dynorphin peptides differentially regulate the kappa opioid receptor. Dynorphin A(1-13) has a typical opiod activity, it is 700 times more potent than Leu-enkephalin (By similarity). FUNCTION: Leumorphin has a typical opiod activity and may have anti-apoptotic effect (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. PTM: The N-terminal domain contains 6 conserved cysteines thought to be involved in disulfide bonding and/or processing. DISEASE: Defects in PDYN are the cause of spinocerebellar ataxia type 23 (SCA23) [MIM:610245]. Spinocerebellar ataxia is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of cerebellar disorders. Patients show progressive incoordination of gait and often poor coordination of hands, speech and eye movements, due to degeneration of the cerebellum with variable involvement of the brainstem and spinal cord. SCA23 is an adult-onset autosomal dominant form characterized by slowly progressive gait and limb ataxia, with variable additional features, including peripheral neuropathy and dysarthria. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the opioid neuropeptide precursor family.
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P01213
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
US Server
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
