ID:KPCI_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Protein kinase C iota type; EC=2.7.11.13; AltName: Full=Atypical protein kinase C-lambda/iota; Short=PRKC-lambda/iota; Short=aPKC-lambda/iota; AltName: Full=nPKC-iota; FUNCTION: Calcium- and diacylglycerol-independent serine/ threonine-protein kinase that plays a general protective role against apoptotic stimuli, is involved in NF-kappa-B activation, cell survival, differentiation and polarity, and contributes to the regulation of microtubule dynamics in the early secretory pathway. Is necessary for BCR-ABL oncogene-mediated resistance to apoptotic drug in leukemia cells, protecting leukemia cells against drug-induced apoptosis. In cultured neurons, prevents amyloid beta protein-induced apoptosis by interrupting cell death process at a very early step. In glioblastoma cells, may function downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI(3)K) and PDPK1 in the promotion of cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting the pro-apoptotic factor BAD. Can form a protein complex in non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with PARD6A and ECT2 and regulate ECT2 oncogenic activity by phosphorylation, which in turn promotes transformed growth and invasion. In response to nerve growth factor (NGF), acts downstream of SRC to phosphorylate and activate IRAK1, allowing the subsequent activation of NF-kappa-B and neuronal cell survival. Functions in the organization of the apical domain in epithelial cells by phosphorylating EZR. This step is crucial for activation and normal distribution of EZR at the early stages of intestinal epithelial cell differentiation. Forms a protein complex with LLGL1 and PARD6B independently of PARD3 to regulate epithelial cell polarity. Plays a role in microtubule dynamics in the early secretory pathway through interaction with RAB2A and GAPDH and recruitment to vesicular tubular clusters (VTCs). In human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC), is activated by saturated fatty acids and mediates lipid-induced apoptosis. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. ENZYME REGULATION: Atypical PKCs (PRKCI and PRKCZ) exhibit an elevated basal enzymatic activity (that may be due to the interaction with SMG1 or SQSTM1) and are not regulated by diacylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phorbol esters or calcium ions. Two specific sites, Thr-412 (activation loop of the kinase domain) and Thr-564 (turn motif), need to be phosphorylated for its full activation (By similarity). Might also be a target for novel lipid activators that are elevated during nutrient- stimulated insulin secretion. BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Kinetic parameters: KM=13.5 uM for ATP (for recombinant purified PRKCI); Vmax=7.4 pmol/min/mg enzyme; SUBUNIT: Forms a complex with SQSTM1 and MP2K5 (By similarity). Interacts directly with SQSTM1 (Probable). Interacts with IKBKB. Interacts with PARD6A, PARD6B and PARD6G. Part of a quaternary complex containing aPKC, PARD3, a PARD6 protein (PARD6A, PARD6B or PARD6G) and a GTPase protein (CDC42 or RAC1). Part of a complex with LLGL1 and PARD6B. Interacts with ADAP1/CENTA1. Interaction with SMG1, through the ZN-finger domain, activates the kinase activity. Interacts with CDK7. Forms a complex with RAB2A and GAPDH involved in recruitment onto the membrane of vesicular tubular clusters (VTCs). Interacts with ECT2 ('Thr-359' phosphorylated form). Interacts with PARD6A. INTERACTION: P60953:CDC42; NbExp=5; IntAct=EBI-286199, EBI-81752; Q96L34:MARK4; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-286199, EBI-302319; Q8TEW0:PARD3; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-286199, EBI-81968; Q9NPB6:PARD6A; NbExp=9; IntAct=EBI-286199, EBI-81876; Q9BYG5:PARD6B; NbExp=9; IntAct=EBI-286199, EBI-295391; Q9BYG4:PARD6G; NbExp=5; IntAct=EBI-286199, EBI-295417; Q8ND90:PNMA1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-286199, EBI-302345; P63000:RAC1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-286199, EBI-413628; Q04917:YWHAH; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-286199, EBI-306940; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Membrane. Endosome. Nucleus. Note=Transported into the endosome through interaction with SQSTM1/p62. After phosphorylation by SRC, transported into the nucleus through interaction with KPNB1. Colocalizes with CDK7 in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Transported to vesicular tubular clusters (VTCs) through interaction with RAB2A. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Predominantly expressed in lung and brain, but also expressed at lower levels in many tissues including pancreatic islets. Highly expressed in non-small cell lung cancers. DOMAIN: The OPR domain mediates interaction with SQSTM1 (By similarity). DOMAIN: The C1 domain does not bind diacylglycerol (DAG). PTM: On neuronal growth factor (NGF) stimulation, phosphorylated by SRC at Tyr-265, Tyr-280 and Tyr-334. Phosphorylation at Tyr-265 facilitates binding to KPNB1/importin-beta regulating entry of PRKCI into the nucleus. Phosphorylation on Tyr-334 is important for NF-kappa-B stimulation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PKC subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 AGC-kinase C-terminal domain. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 OPR domain. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 phorbol-ester/DAG-type zinc finger. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 protein kinase domain. SEQUENCE CAUTION: Sequence=AAA60171.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended; Sequence=AAB17011.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended; Sequence=AAH22016.3; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P41743
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
US Server
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
