ID:PSN1_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Presenilin-1; Short=PS-1; EC=3.4.23.-; AltName: Full=Protein S182; Contains: RecName: Full=Presenilin-1 NTF subunit; Contains: RecName: Full=Presenilin-1 CTF subunit; Contains: RecName: Full=Presenilin-1 CTF12; Short=PS1-CTF12; FUNCTION: Probable catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (beta-amyloid precursor protein). Requires the other members of the gamma-secretase complex to have a protease activity. May play a role in intracellular signaling and gene expression or in linking chromatin to the nuclear membrane. Stimulates cell-cell adhesion though its association with the E-cadherin/catenin complex. Under conditions of apoptosis or calcium influx, cleaves E-cadherin promoting the disassembly of the E-cadherin/catenin complex and increasing the pool of cytoplasmic beta-catenin, thus negatively regulating Wnt signaling. May also play a role in hematopoiesis. SUBUNIT: Homodimer. Component of the gamma-secretase complex, a complex composed of a presenilin homodimer (PSEN1 or PSEN2), nicastrin (NCSTN), APH1 (APH1A or APH1B) and PEN2. Such minimal complex is sufficient for secretase activity. Other components which are associated with the complex include SLC25A64, SLC5A7, PHB and PSEN1 isoform 3. Predominantly heterodimer of a N-terminal (NTF) and a C-terminal (CTF) endoproteolytical fragment. Associates with proteolytic processed C-terminal fragments C83 and C99 of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Associates with NOTCH1. Associates with cadherin/catenin adhesion complexes through direct binding to CDH1 or CDH2. Interaction with CDH1 stabilizes the complex and stimulates cell-cell aggregation. Interaction with CDH2 is essential for trafficking of CDH2 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. Interacts with CTNND2, CTNNB1, HERPUD1, FLNA, FLNB, MTCH1, PKP4 and PARL. Interacts through its N-terminus with isoform 3 of GFAP. Interacts with DOCK3 (By similarity). INTERACTION: P05067:APP; NbExp=6; IntAct=EBI-297277, EBI-77613; Q63053:Arc (xeno); NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-2606326, EBI-5275794; Q16543:CDC37; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-297277, EBI-295634; P35222:CTNNB1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-297277, EBI-491549; Q9BQ95:ECSIT; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-297277, EBI-712452; P14923:JUP; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-297277, EBI-702484; P50502:ST13; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-297277, EBI-357285; P49755:TMED10; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-297277, EBI-998422; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell surface. Note=Bound to NOTCH1 also at the cell surface. Colocalizes with CDH1/2 at sites of cell-cell contact. Colocalizes with CTNNB1 in the endoplasmic reticulum and the proximity of the plasma membrane. Also present in azurophil granules of neutrophils. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in a wide range of tissues including various regions of the brain, liver, spleen and lymph nodes. DOMAIN: The PAL motif is required for normal active site conformation. PTM: Heterogeneous proteolytic processing generates N-terminal (NTF) and C-terminal (CTF) fragments of approximately 35 and 20 kDa, respectively. During apoptosis, the C-terminal fragment (CTF) is further cleaved by caspase-3 to produce the fragment, PS1- CTF12. PTM: After endoproteolysis, the C-terminal fragment (CTF) is phosphorylated on serine residues by PKA and/or PKC. Phosphorylation on Ser-346 inhibits endoproteolysis. DISEASE: Defects in PSEN1 are a cause of Alzheimer disease type 3 (AD3) [MIM:607822]. AD3 is a familial early-onset form of Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dementia, loss of cognitive abilities, and deposition of fibrillar amyloid proteins as intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular amyloid plaques and vascular amyloid deposits. The major constituent of these plaques is the neurotoxic amyloid-beta-APP 40-42 peptide (s), derived proteolytically from the transmembrane precursor protein APP by sequential secretase processing. The cytotoxic C- terminal fragments (CTFs) and the caspase-cleaved products such as C31 derived from APP, are also implicated in neuronal death. DISEASE: Defects in PSEN1 are a cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) [MIM:600274]. DISEASE: Defects in PSEN1 are the cause of cardiomyopathy dilated type 1U (CMD1U) [MIM:613694]. It is a disorder characterized by ventricular dilation and impaired systolic function, resulting in congestive heart failure and arrhythmia. Patients are at risk of premature death. DISEASE: Defects in PSEN1 are the cause of familial acne inversa type 3 (ACNINV3) [MIM:613737]. A chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of the hair follicles characterized by recurrent draining sinuses, painful skin abscesses, and disfiguring scars. Manifestations typically appear after puberty. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase A22A family. WEB RESOURCE: Name=Alzheimer Research Forum; Note=Presenilins mutations; URL="http://www.alzforum.org/res/com/mut/pre/default.asp"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=GeneReviews; URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/PSEN1";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P49768
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
LF384869 - JP 2014500723-A/192372: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. AK303876 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ53003 complete cds, highly similar to Presenilin-1 (EC 3.4.23.-). AK312531 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ92900, Homo sapiens presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3) (PSEN1), transcriptvariant I-467, mRNA. BC011729 - Homo sapiens presenilin 1, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:19554 IMAGE:4423098), complete cds. L42110 - Homo sapiens (clone cc33) S182 mRNA, complete cds. L76517 - Homo sapiens (clone cc44) senilin 1 (PS1; S182) mRNA, complete cds. AK223173 - Homo sapiens mRNA for presenilin 1 isoform I-463 variant, clone: LNG14348. AF416717 - Homo sapiens presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mRNA, complete cds. AB384851 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB3765, Homo sapiens PSEN1 gene for presenilin-1, complete cds, without stop codon, in Flexi system. KU178285 - Homo sapiens presenilin 1 isoform 1 (PSEN1) mRNA, partial cds. KU178286 - Homo sapiens presenilin 1 isoform 2 (PSEN1) mRNA, partial cds. KU178287 - Homo sapiens presenilin 1 isoform 3 (PSEN1) mRNA, complete cds, alternatively spliced. HQ447260 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100070569; CCSB006970_02 presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3) (PSEN1) gene, encodes complete protein. KJ891910 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_01304 PSEN1 gene, encodes complete protein. U40379 - Human presenilin I-463 (AD3-3) mRNA, complete cds. U40380 - Human presenilin I-374 (AD3-212) mRNA, complete cds. AK122722 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ16221 fis, clone CTONG3002728, highly similar to PRESENILIN 1. MA620446 - JP 2018138019-A/192372: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. AJ008005 - Homo sapiens PSN1 gene, alternative transcript. JD337181 - Sequence 318205 from Patent EP1572962. JD172798 - Sequence 153822 from Patent EP1572962. CU680030 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens gateway clone IMAGE:100019517 5' read PSEN1 mRNA. LF329945 - JP 2014500723-A/137448: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. LF329946 - JP 2014500723-A/137449: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA565522 - JP 2018138019-A/137448: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA565523 - JP 2018138019-A/137449: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. LF329950 - JP 2014500723-A/137453: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. JD071652 - Sequence 52676 from Patent EP1572962. JD161203 - Sequence 142227 from Patent EP1572962. JD547023 - Sequence 528047 from Patent EP1572962. LF329951 - JP 2014500723-A/137454: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. JD086452 - Sequence 67476 from Patent EP1572962. JD190424 - Sequence 171448 from Patent EP1572962. JD245299 - Sequence 226323 from Patent EP1572962. JD540083 - Sequence 521107 from Patent EP1572962. JD420260 - Sequence 401284 from Patent EP1572962. JD316266 - Sequence 297290 from Patent EP1572962. JD059174 - Sequence 40198 from Patent EP1572962. JD358422 - Sequence 339446 from Patent EP1572962. JD288008 - Sequence 269032 from Patent EP1572962. JD486400 - Sequence 467424 from Patent EP1572962. JD061143 - Sequence 42167 from Patent EP1572962. JD383084 - Sequence 364108 from Patent EP1572962. JD068221 - Sequence 49245 from Patent EP1572962. JD063356 - Sequence 44380 from Patent EP1572962. JD092294 - Sequence 73318 from Patent EP1572962. JD449459 - Sequence 430483 from Patent EP1572962. JD396687 - Sequence 377711 from Patent EP1572962. JD280397 - Sequence 261421 from Patent EP1572962. JD153196 - Sequence 134220 from Patent EP1572962. JD161372 - Sequence 142396 from Patent EP1572962. JD300192 - Sequence 281216 from Patent EP1572962. JD424265 - Sequence 405289 from Patent EP1572962. JD556572 - Sequence 537596 from Patent EP1572962. JD317191 - Sequence 298215 from Patent EP1572962. AK094186 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ36867 fis, clone ASTRO2016491. JD064018 - Sequence 45042 from Patent EP1572962. LF209590 - JP 2014500723-A/17093: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. AK094256 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ36937 fis, clone BRACE2005433. LF329952 - JP 2014500723-A/137455: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. JD027258 - Sequence 8282 from Patent EP1572962. JD020500 - Sequence 1524 from Patent EP1572962. JD029541 - Sequence 10565 from Patent EP1572962. JD028703 - Sequence 9727 from Patent EP1572962. MA565527 - JP 2018138019-A/137453: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA565528 - JP 2018138019-A/137454: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA565529 - JP 2018138019-A/137455: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA445167 - JP 2018138019-A/17093: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
BioCarta from NCI Cancer Genome Anatomy Project h_HivnefPathway - HIV-I Nef: negative effector of Fas and TNF h_appPathway - Generation of amyloid b-peptide by PS1 h_ps1Pathway - Presenilin action in Notch and Wnt signaling h_notchpathway - Proteolysis and Signaling Pathway of Notch h_erbB4pathway - g-Secretase mediated ErbB4 Signaling Pathway
Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)
Protein P49768 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):