ID:PGH2_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2; EC=1.14.99.1; AltName: Full=Cyclooxygenase-2; Short=COX-2; AltName: Full=PHS II; AltName: Full=Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2; Short=PGH synthase 2; Short=PGHS-2; AltName: Full=Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; Flags: Precursor; FUNCTION: Mediates the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonate. May have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid signaling in activity-dependent plasticity. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Arachidonate + AH(2) + 2 O(2) = prostaglandin H(2) + A + H(2)O. COFACTOR: Binds 1 heme B (iron-protoporphyrin IX) group per subunit (By similarity). BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Kinetic parameters: KM=16.2 uM for arachidonate (in absence of sodium nitroprusside NO donor); KM=17.0 uM for arachidonate (in presence of sodium nitroprusside NO donor); Vmax=81.3 nmol/min/mg enzyme (in absence of sodium nitroprusside NO donor); Vmax=132 nmol/min/mg enzyme (in absence of sodium nitroprusside NO donor); PATHWAY: Lipid metabolism; prostaglandin biosynthesis. SUBUNIT: Homodimer (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. INDUCTION: By cytokines and mitogens. PTM: S-nitrosylation by NOS2 (iNOS) activates enzme activity. S- nitrosylation may take place on different Cys residues in addition to Cys-561. MISCELLANEOUS: This enzyme acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase. MISCELLANEOUS: This enzyme is the target of nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs such as aspirin. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the prostaglandin G/H synthase family. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 EGF-like domain. WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology; URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/PTGS2ID509ch1q31.html"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=NIEHS-SNPs; URL="http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/ptgs2/"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=SeattleSNPs; URL="http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/ptgs2/";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P35354
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
Molecular Function: GO:0004601 peroxidase activity GO:0004666 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity GO:0005515 protein binding GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity GO:0016702 oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen GO:0019899 enzyme binding GO:0020037 heme binding GO:0042803 protein homodimerization activity GO:0046872 metal ion binding GO:0050473 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase activity GO:0051213 dioxygenase activity
Biological Process: GO:0001516 prostaglandin biosynthetic process GO:0001525 angiogenesis GO:0006629 lipid metabolic process GO:0006631 fatty acid metabolic process GO:0006633 fatty acid biosynthetic process GO:0006693 prostaglandin metabolic process GO:0006954 inflammatory response GO:0006979 response to oxidative stress GO:0007566 embryo implantation GO:0007568 aging GO:0007612 learning GO:0007613 memory GO:0008217 regulation of blood pressure GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008285 negative regulation of cell proliferation GO:0009314 response to radiation GO:0009750 response to fructose GO:0010033 response to organic substance GO:0010042 response to manganese ion GO:0010226 response to lithium ion GO:0010243 response to organonitrogen compound GO:0010575 positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production GO:0010942 positive regulation of cell death GO:0014070 response to organic cyclic compound GO:0019221 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway GO:0019233 sensory perception of pain GO:0019371 cyclooxygenase pathway GO:0019372 lipoxygenase pathway GO:0030282 bone mineralization GO:0030728 ovulation GO:0031394 positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process GO:0031622 positive regulation of fever generation GO:0031915 positive regulation of synaptic plasticity GO:0032227 negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic GO:0032355 response to estradiol GO:0032496 response to lipopolysaccharide GO:0033138 positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation GO:0033280 response to vitamin D GO:0034097 response to cytokine GO:0034356 NAD biosynthesis via nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway GO:0034605 cellular response to heat GO:0034612 response to tumor necrosis factor GO:0034644 cellular response to UV GO:0035633 maintenance of permeability of blood-brain barrier GO:0042127 regulation of cell proliferation GO:0042307 positive regulation of protein import into nucleus GO:0042493 response to drug GO:0042633 hair cycle GO:0042759 long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process GO:0043065 positive regulation of apoptotic process GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process GO:0043154 negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process GO:0045429 positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process GO:0045786 negative regulation of cell cycle GO:0045907 positive regulation of vasoconstriction GO:0045986 negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction GO:0045987 positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction GO:0046697 decidualization GO:0048661 positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation GO:0050727 regulation of inflammatory response GO:0050873 brown fat cell differentiation GO:0051384 response to glucocorticoid GO:0051926 negative regulation of calcium ion transport GO:0051968 positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic GO:0055114 oxidation-reduction process GO:0070542 response to fatty acid GO:0071260 cellular response to mechanical stimulus GO:0071284 cellular response to lead ion GO:0071318 cellular response to ATP GO:0071456 cellular response to hypoxia GO:0071471 cellular response to non-ionic osmotic stress GO:0071498 cellular response to fluid shear stress GO:0071636 positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production GO:0090050 positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis GO:0090271 positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor production GO:0090336 positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation GO:0090362 positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production GO:0098869 cellular oxidant detoxification GO:1902219 negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress GO:1990776 response to angiotensin
BioCarta from NCI Cancer Genome Anatomy Project h_AcetaminophenPathway - Mechanism of Acetaminophen Activity and Toxicity h_pparaPathway - Mechanism of Gene Regulation by Peroxisome Proliferators via PPARa(alpha) h_eicosanoidPathway - Eicosanoid Metabolism
Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)
Protein P35354 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):
US Server
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
