ID:RXRA_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha; AltName: Full=Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group B member 1; AltName: Full=Retinoid X receptor alpha; FUNCTION: Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. The high affinity ligand for RXRs is 9-cis retinoic acid. RXRA serves as a common heterodimeric partner for a number of nuclear receptors. The RXR/RAR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. In the absence of ligand, the RXR-RAR heterodimers associate with a multiprotein complex containing transcription corepressors that induce histone acetylation, chromatin condensation and transcriptional suppression. On ligand binding, the corepressors dissociate from the receptors and associate with the coactivators leading to transcriptional activation. The RXRA/PPARA heterodimer is required for PPARA transcriptional activity on fatty acid oxidation genes such as ACOX1 and the P450 system genes. SUBUNIT: Homodimer. Heterodimer with RARA; required for ligand- dependent retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activity. Heterodimer with PPARA (via the leucine-like zipper in the LBD); the interaction is required for PPARA transcriptional activity. Also heterodimerizes with PPARG. Interacts with NCOA3 and NCOA6 coactivators. Interacts with FAM120B (By similarity). Interacts with PELP1, SENP6, SFPQ, DNTTIP2 and RNF8. Interacts (via the DNA binding domain) with HCV core protein; the interaction enhances the transcriptional activities of the RXRA/RARA and the RXRA/PPARA heterodimers. Interacts with PRMT2. Interacts with ASXL1 and NCOA1 (By similarity). INTERACTION: Q9JLI4:Ncoa6 (xeno); NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-78598, EBI-286271; P27986:PIK3R1; NbExp=8; IntAct=EBI-78598, EBI-79464; P10276:RARA; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-78598, EBI-413374; P42224:STAT1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-78598, EBI-1057697; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in liver, also found in lung, kidney and heart. DOMAIN: Composed of three domains: a modulating N-terminal domain (AF1 domain), a DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal ligand-binding domain (AF2 domain). PTM: Phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues mainly in the N-terminal modulating domain. Constiutively phosphorylated on Ser- 21 in the presence or absence of ligand. Under stress conditions, hyperphosphorylated by activated JNK on Ser-56, Ser-70, Thr-82 and Ser-260 (By similarity). Phosphorylated on Ser-27, in vitro, by PKA. This phosphorylation is required for repression of cAMP- mediated transcriptional activity of RARA. PTM: Sumoylation negatively regulates transcriptional activity. Desumoylated specifically by SENP6. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR2 subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 nuclear receptor DNA-binding domain. WEB RESOURCE: Name=NIEHS-SNPs; URL="http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/rxra/"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=Retinoid X receptor entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoid_X_receptor";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P19793
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
Molecular Function: GO:0000977 RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0000981 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0001972 retinoic acid binding GO:0003677 DNA binding GO:0003690 double-stranded DNA binding GO:0003700 transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0003707 steroid hormone receptor activity GO:0003708 retinoic acid receptor activity GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activity GO:0004879 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0004886 9-cis retinoic acid receptor activity GO:0005515 protein binding GO:0008134 transcription factor binding GO:0008270 zinc ion binding GO:0016922 ligand-dependent nuclear receptor binding GO:0019899 enzyme binding GO:0031490 chromatin DNA binding GO:0042277 peptide binding GO:0042809 vitamin D receptor binding GO:0043565 sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0044212 transcription regulatory region DNA binding GO:0044323 retinoic acid-responsive element binding GO:0046872 metal ion binding GO:0046982 protein heterodimerization activity GO:0050692 DBD domain binding GO:0050693 LBD domain binding GO:0070644 vitamin D response element binding
Biological Process: GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0001701 in utero embryonic development GO:0001890 placenta development GO:0001893 maternal placenta development GO:0006351 transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006357 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0006367 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0006766 vitamin metabolic process GO:0007507 heart development GO:0007566 embryo implantation GO:0008203 cholesterol metabolic process GO:0015721 bile acid and bile salt transport GO:0016032 viral process GO:0019048 modulation by virus of host morphology or physiology GO:0019216 regulation of lipid metabolic process GO:0032526 response to retinoic acid GO:0035357 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway GO:0043010 camera-type eye development GO:0043401 steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway GO:0045893 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0045994 positive regulation of translational initiation by iron GO:0048384 retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway GO:0051289 protein homotetramerization GO:0055010 ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis GO:0055012 ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation GO:0060038 cardiac muscle cell proliferation GO:0060528 secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development GO:0060687 regulation of branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis GO:1901522 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus
KJ904555 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_13949 RXRA gene, encodes complete protein. AK090416 - Homo sapiens mRNA for FLJ00318 protein. BC063827 - Homo sapiens retinoid X receptor, alpha, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:6528306), partial cds. BC110998 - Homo sapiens retinoid X receptor, alpha, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:102720 IMAGE:5723745), complete cds. X52773 - Human mRNA for retinoic acid receptor-like protein. AB463220 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB9770, Homo sapiens RXRA gene for retinoid X receptor, alpha, without stop codon, in Flexi system. EU446653 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100070290; IMAGE:100011862; FLH257279.01L retinoid X receptor, alpha (RXRA) gene, encodes complete protein. AB307705 - Homo sapiens NR2B1 mRNA for retinoid X receptor, alpha, complete cds. HQ692843 - Homo sapiens retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha (NR2B1) mRNA, complete cds. JD129445 - Sequence 110469 from Patent EP1572962. JD475708 - Sequence 456732 from Patent EP1572962. AK131513 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ16733 fis, clone BNGH42008649, highly similar to RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR RXR-ALPHA. AK131192 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ16020 fis, clone BRAMY2003287, highly similar to RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR RXR-ALPHA. AK131081 - Homo sapiens mRNA for FLJ00280 protein. JD189443 - Sequence 170467 from Patent EP1572962. JD157751 - Sequence 138775 from Patent EP1572962. JD514216 - Sequence 495240 from Patent EP1572962. JD294560 - Sequence 275584 from Patent EP1572962. JD484366 - Sequence 465390 from Patent EP1572962. JD055592 - Sequence 36616 from Patent EP1572962. JD497282 - Sequence 478306 from Patent EP1572962. U66306 - Human retinoid X receptor alpha mRNA, 3' UTR, partial sequence. JD389090 - Sequence 370114 from Patent EP1572962. JD498072 - Sequence 479096 from Patent EP1572962. JD494448 - Sequence 475472 from Patent EP1572962. JD408397 - Sequence 389421 from Patent EP1572962. JD158051 - Sequence 139075 from Patent EP1572962. JD279835 - Sequence 260859 from Patent EP1572962. JD063441 - Sequence 44465 from Patent EP1572962. JD069276 - Sequence 50300 from Patent EP1572962. JD044070 - Sequence 25094 from Patent EP1572962. JD216289 - Sequence 197313 from Patent EP1572962. JD501449 - Sequence 482473 from Patent EP1572962. JD324985 - Sequence 306009 from Patent EP1572962. JD383870 - Sequence 364894 from Patent EP1572962. JD255041 - Sequence 236065 from Patent EP1572962. JD535885 - Sequence 516909 from Patent EP1572962. JD098622 - Sequence 79646 from Patent EP1572962. JD419562 - Sequence 400586 from Patent EP1572962. JD442192 - Sequence 423216 from Patent EP1572962. JD066151 - Sequence 47175 from Patent EP1572962. BC031356 - Homo sapiens retinoid X receptor, alpha, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:4939573), with apparent retained intron. JD464586 - Sequence 445610 from Patent EP1572962. JD417067 - Sequence 398091 from Patent EP1572962. JD054916 - Sequence 35940 from Patent EP1572962. JD423523 - Sequence 404547 from Patent EP1572962. JD561259 - Sequence 542283 from Patent EP1572962. JD069592 - Sequence 50616 from Patent EP1572962. JD194042 - Sequence 175066 from Patent EP1572962. JD150382 - Sequence 131406 from Patent EP1572962. JD404758 - Sequence 385782 from Patent EP1572962. JD344615 - Sequence 325639 from Patent EP1572962. JD185641 - Sequence 166665 from Patent EP1572962. JD126217 - Sequence 107241 from Patent EP1572962. BC007925 - Homo sapiens retinoid X receptor, alpha, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:4304205). JD488529 - Sequence 469553 from Patent EP1572962. JD406526 - Sequence 387550 from Patent EP1572962. BC009882 - Homo sapiens retinoid X receptor, alpha, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:3956691), partial cds. JD489909 - Sequence 470933 from Patent EP1572962. JD203336 - Sequence 184360 from Patent EP1572962. JD172755 - Sequence 153779 from Patent EP1572962. JD205070 - Sequence 186094 from Patent EP1572962. JD187768 - Sequence 168792 from Patent EP1572962. JD232458 - Sequence 213482 from Patent EP1572962. JD547072 - Sequence 528096 from Patent EP1572962. JD555839 - Sequence 536863 from Patent EP1572962. JD158043 - Sequence 139067 from Patent EP1572962. JD540612 - Sequence 521636 from Patent EP1572962. JD064706 - Sequence 45730 from Patent EP1572962. JD333626 - Sequence 314650 from Patent EP1572962. JD124817 - Sequence 105841 from Patent EP1572962. JD222784 - Sequence 203808 from Patent EP1572962. JD399578 - Sequence 380602 from Patent EP1572962. JD136017 - Sequence 117041 from Patent EP1572962. JD390024 - Sequence 371048 from Patent EP1572962. JD373709 - Sequence 354733 from Patent EP1572962. JD231860 - Sequence 212884 from Patent EP1572962. JD154189 - Sequence 135213 from Patent EP1572962. JD216576 - Sequence 197600 from Patent EP1572962. JD263319 - Sequence 244343 from Patent EP1572962. AF052092 - Homo sapiens clone 23792 mRNA sequence. JD113135 - Sequence 94159 from Patent EP1572962. JD386752 - Sequence 367776 from Patent EP1572962. JD163559 - Sequence 144583 from Patent EP1572962. JD465649 - Sequence 446673 from Patent EP1572962. JD515004 - Sequence 496028 from Patent EP1572962. JD468666 - Sequence 449690 from Patent EP1572962. JD142656 - Sequence 123680 from Patent EP1572962. JD315083 - Sequence 296107 from Patent EP1572962. JD275305 - Sequence 256329 from Patent EP1572962. JD278966 - Sequence 259990 from Patent EP1572962. JD271837 - Sequence 252861 from Patent EP1572962. JD128346 - Sequence 109370 from Patent EP1572962. JD147432 - Sequence 128456 from Patent EP1572962. JD485398 - Sequence 466422 from Patent EP1572962. JD266380 - Sequence 247404 from Patent EP1572962. JD057186 - Sequence 38210 from Patent EP1572962. JD342675 - Sequence 323699 from Patent EP1572962. JD559326 - Sequence 540350 from Patent EP1572962. JD293712 - Sequence 274736 from Patent EP1572962. JD052439 - Sequence 33463 from Patent EP1572962.
Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
BioCarta from NCI Cancer Genome Anatomy Project h_pparaPathway - Mechanism of Gene Regulation by Peroxisome Proliferators via PPARa(alpha) h_rarrxrPathway - Nuclear receptors coordinate the activities of chromatin remodeling complexes and coactivators to facilitate initiation of transcription in carcinoma cells h_vdrPathway - Control of Gene Expression by Vitamin D Receptor h_egfr_smrtePathway - Map Kinase Inactivation of SMRT Corepressor h_ppargPathway - Role of PPAR-gamma Coactivators in Obesity and Thermogenesis h_rarPathway - Degradation of the RAR and RXR by the proteasome h_fxrPathway - FXR and LXR Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism h_vobesityPathway - Visceral Fat Deposits and the Metabolic Syndrome h_pparPathway - Basic mechanism of action of PPARa, PPARb(d) and PPARg and effects on gene expression h_carm1Pathway - Transcription Regulation by Methyltransferase of CARM1
Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)
Protein P19793 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):
R-HSA-381262 Formation of PPARG:RXRA heterodimer (ARF6 complex) R-HSA-400204 PPARA binds RXRA forming PPARA:RXRA heterodimer at promoter of target gene R-HSA-5340251 NR1H4:DCA,CDCA,LCHA binds RXRA and NCOA1,2 R-HSA-381290 PPARG:RXRA heterodimer binds to PPARG corepressors R-HSA-400183 PPARA:RXRA heterodimer recruits corepressors R-HSA-5422942 RXRA:PPARD binds FABP5:atRA R-HSA-376419 Formation of NR-MED1 Coactivator Complex R-HSA-381309 PPARG:RXRA heterodimer binds to fatty acid-like ligands R-HSA-400143 Fatty acid ligands activate PPARA R-HSA-5634100 FABP5 dissociates from RXRA:PPARD:atRA R-HSA-5334854 RAR:RXR binds SUMO-CRABP2:atRA R-HSA-5634103 SUMO-CRABP2 dissociates from atRA:RAR:RXR R-HSA-381340 Transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation R-HSA-400206 Regulation of lipid metabolism by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) R-HSA-159418 Recycling of bile acids and salts R-HSA-5362517 Signaling by Retinoic Acid R-HSA-383280 Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology R-HSA-556833 Metabolism of lipids R-HSA-194068 Bile acid and bile salt metabolism R-HSA-9006931 Signaling by Nuclear Receptors R-HSA-5617472 Activation of anterior HOX genes in hindbrain development during early embryogenesis R-HSA-212436 Generic Transcription Pathway R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism R-HSA-8957322 Metabolism of steroids R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction R-HSA-5619507 Activation of HOX genes during differentiation R-HSA-73857 RNA Polymerase II Transcription R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription)
US Server
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
