ID:TFF1_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Trefoil factor 1; AltName: Full=Breast cancer estrogen-inducible protein; AltName: Full=PNR-2; AltName: Full=Polypeptide P1.A; Short=hP1.A; AltName: Full=Protein pS2; Flags: Precursor; FUNCTION: Stabilizer of the mucous gel overlying the gastrointestinal mucosa that provides a physical barrier against various noxious agents. May inhibit the growth of calcium oxalate crystals in urine. SUBUNIT: Heterodimer with GKN2; disulfide linked. INTERACTION: O00481:BTN3A1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-743871, EBI-2809309; Q6UX41:BTNL8; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-743871, EBI-4314379; Q6UXZ3:CD300LD; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-743871, EBI-4314468; Q96PJ5:FCRL4; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-743871, EBI-4314687; Q9NYZ4:SIGLEC8; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-743871, EBI-4314991; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Found in stomach, with highest levels in the upper gastric mucosal cells (at protein level). Detected in goblet cells of the small and large intestine and rectum, small submucosal glands in the esophagus, mucous acini of the sublingual gland, submucosal glands of the trachea, and epithelial cells lining the exocrine pancreatic ducts but not in the remainder of the pancreas (at protein level). Scattered expression is detected in the epithelial cells of the gallbladder and submucosal glands of the vagina, and weak expression is observed in the bronchial goblet cells of the pseudostratified epithelia in the respiratory system (at protein level). Detected in urine (at protein level). Strongly expressed in breast cancer but at low levels in normal mammary tissue. It is regulated by estrogen in MCF-7 cells. Strong expression found in normal gastric mucosa and in the regenerative tissues surrounding ulcerous lesions of gastrointestinal tract, but lower expression found in gastric cancer (at protein level). SIMILARITY: Contains 1 P-type (trefoil) domain. WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology; URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/TFF1ID201.html";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P04155
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
Molecular Function: GO:0005515 protein binding GO:0008083 growth factor activity
Biological Process: GO:0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process GO:0007586 digestion GO:0008285 negative regulation of cell proliferation GO:0010039 response to iron ion GO:0010469 regulation of receptor activity GO:0030154 cell differentiation GO:0030277 maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium GO:0035902 response to immobilization stress GO:0042060 wound healing GO:0043434 response to peptide hormone
Cellular Component: GO:0005576 extracellular region GO:0005615 extracellular space
Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
JD560624 - Sequence 541648 from Patent EP1572962. BC032811 - Homo sapiens trefoil factor 1, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:45303 IMAGE:5186922), complete cds. X00474 - Human pS2 mRNA induced by estrogen from human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. M12075 - Human estrogen receptor mRNA, partial cds. E02904 - DNA encoding polypeptide secreted from tumor cell. X52003 - H.sapiens pS2 protein gene. JD412612 - Sequence 393636 from Patent EP1572962. JD152396 - Sequence 133420 from Patent EP1572962. JD243133 - Sequence 224157 from Patent EP1572962. JD173632 - Sequence 154656 from Patent EP1572962. E03953 - DNA sequence encoding human pS2 protein. KJ897658 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_07052 TFF1 gene, encodes complete protein.
Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
BioCarta from NCI Cancer Genome Anatomy Project h_tffPathway - Trefoil Factors Initiate Mucosal Healing
Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)
Protein P04155 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):
US Server
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
