ID:TM173_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Transmembrane protein 173; AltName: Full=Endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator; Short=ERIS; AltName: Full=Mediator of IRF3 activation; Short=hMITA; AltName: Full=Stimulator of interferon genes protein; Short=hSTING; FUNCTION: Facilitator of innate immune signaling that promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double- stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm. Able to activate both NF-kappa-B and IRF3 transcription pathways to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti- viral state following expression. May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons. May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). Mediates death signaling via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. SUBUNIT: Associates with the MHC-II complex (By similarity). Homodimer; 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination at Lys-150 is required for homodimerization. Interacts with DDX58/RIG-I, MAVS and SSR2. Interacts with RNF5 and TRIM56. Interacts with TBK1; when homodimer, leading to subsequent production of IFN-beta. Interacts with IFIT1 and IFIT2. INTERACTION: Q96A33:CCDC47; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-2800345, EBI-720151; P39656:DDOST; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-2800345, EBI-358866; Q16666:IFI16; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-2800345, EBI-2867186; P51617:IRAK1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-2800345, EBI-358664; O94822:LTN1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-2800345, EBI-1044684; Q96N66:MBOAT7; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-2800345, EBI-6116499; O95470:SGPL1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-2800345, EBI-1046170; P42226:STAT6; NbExp=12; IntAct=EBI-2800345, EBI-1186478; P46977:STT3A; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-2800345, EBI-719212; O15260:SURF4; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-2800345, EBI-1044848; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Mitochondrion outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein (By similarity). Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Note=In response to double-stranded DNA stimulation, relocalizes to perinuclear region, where the kinase TBK1 is recruited. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitously expressed. PTM: Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon MHC-II aggregation (By similarity). Phosphorylated on Ser-358 by TBK1, leading to activation and production of IFN-beta. PTM: Ubiquitinated. 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination mediated by TRIM56 at Lys-150 promotes homodimerization and recruitment of the antiviral kinase TBK1 and subsequent production of IFN-beta. 'Lys- 48'-linked polyubiquitination at Lys-150 occurring after viral infection is mediated by RNF5 and leads to proteasomal degradation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM173 family.
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q86WV6
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Biological Process: GO:0002218 activation of innate immune response GO:0002230 positive regulation of defense response to virus by host GO:0002376 immune system process GO:0006915 apoptotic process GO:0016032 viral process GO:0032092 positive regulation of protein binding GO:0032479 regulation of type I interferon production GO:0032481 positive regulation of type I interferon production GO:0032608 interferon-beta production GO:0033160 positive regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation GO:0035458 cellular response to interferon-beta GO:0043312 neutrophil degranulation GO:0045087 innate immune response GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0051091 positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity GO:0051607 defense response to virus GO:0071360 cellular response to exogenous dsRNA GO:0071407 cellular response to organic cyclic compound
AK129800 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ26289 fis, clone DMC06968. AK095896 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ38577 fis, clone HCHON2007650. AX775913 - Sequence 183 from Patent WO03048202. LF211008 - JP 2014500723-A/18511: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. JD290942 - Sequence 271966 from Patent EP1572962. JD355110 - Sequence 336134 from Patent EP1572962. JD355159 - Sequence 336183 from Patent EP1572962. JD335659 - Sequence 316683 from Patent EP1572962. MF360993 - Homo sapiens STING-beta mRNA, complete cds. JD478987 - Sequence 460011 from Patent EP1572962. JD040196 - Sequence 21220 from Patent EP1572962. LF343170 - JP 2014500723-A/150673: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. JD252961 - Sequence 233985 from Patent EP1572962. JD386599 - Sequence 367623 from Patent EP1572962. JD195324 - Sequence 176348 from Patent EP1572962. JD230202 - Sequence 211226 from Patent EP1572962. BC047779 - Homo sapiens transmembrane protein 173, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:54293 IMAGE:5762441), complete cds. JD177980 - Sequence 159004 from Patent EP1572962. JD182819 - Sequence 163843 from Patent EP1572962. AK290661 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ76125 complete cds. JD250631 - Sequence 231655 from Patent EP1572962. JD079305 - Sequence 60329 from Patent EP1572962. JD479373 - Sequence 460397 from Patent EP1572962. JD380739 - Sequence 361763 from Patent EP1572962. JD118829 - Sequence 99853 from Patent EP1572962. JD384392 - Sequence 365416 from Patent EP1572962. JD122081 - Sequence 103105 from Patent EP1572962. FJ222241 - Homo sapiens mitochondrial mediator of IRF3 activation (MITA) mRNA, complete cds; nuclear gene for mitochondrial product. MF622062 - Homo sapiens stimulator of interferon protein (STING) mRNA, complete cds. HQ448605 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100072043; CCSB011503_01 transmembrane protein 173 (TMEM173) gene, encodes complete protein. KJ896071 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_05465 TMEM173 gene, encodes complete protein. LF343171 - JP 2014500723-A/150674: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. KF430638 - Homo sapiens MITA variant (MITA) mRNA, complete cds, alternatively spliced. LF343172 - JP 2014500723-A/150675: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. CU690508 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens gateway clone IMAGE:100021388 5' read TMEM173 mRNA. MS839216 - Sequence 329 from Patent WO2017013436. MS839217 - Sequence 330 from Patent WO2017013436. LF343173 - JP 2014500723-A/150676: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. JD103866 - Sequence 84890 from Patent EP1572962. JD111354 - Sequence 92378 from Patent EP1572962. JD143085 - Sequence 124109 from Patent EP1572962. JD142882 - Sequence 123906 from Patent EP1572962. JD171480 - Sequence 152504 from Patent EP1572962. JD400334 - Sequence 381358 from Patent EP1572962. JD302028 - Sequence 283052 from Patent EP1572962. JD287580 - Sequence 268604 from Patent EP1572962. JD521107 - Sequence 502131 from Patent EP1572962. JD398038 - Sequence 379062 from Patent EP1572962. JD549718 - Sequence 530742 from Patent EP1572962. MA790378 - JP 2018524990-A/329: Molecular Diagnostic Test for Cancer. MA790379 - JP 2018524990-A/330: Molecular Diagnostic Test for Cancer. MH201427 - Homo sapiens STING isoform 1 (TMEM173) mRNA, complete cds. MH201428 - Homo sapiens STING isoform 2 (TMEM173) mRNA, complete cds. MH201429 - Homo sapiens STING isoform 3 (TMEM173) mRNA, complete cds. MA578747 - JP 2018138019-A/150673: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA578748 - JP 2018138019-A/150674: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA578749 - JP 2018138019-A/150675: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA578750 - JP 2018138019-A/150676: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA446585 - JP 2018138019-A/18511: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)
Protein Q86WV6 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):
R-HSA-1964496 STING binds TRIM32 or TRIM56 R-HSA-3134800 STING dimerization R-HSA-3134804 STING ubiquitination by TRIM32 or TRIM56 R-HSA-1834939 STING recruits TBK1 and IRF3 R-HSA-3249378 STING recruits TBK1 and STAT6 R-HSA-6798743 Exocytosis of secretory granule membrane proteins R-HSA-2396002 TBK1 is phosphorylated within STING:TBK1:IRF3 complex R-HSA-2396007 IRF3 is phosphorylated by TBK1 R-HSA-3249392 NLRP4 and DTX4 associate with p-S172-TBK1 within STING:TBK1:IRF3 R-HSA-3249371 TBK1 phosphorylates STAT6 at Ser407 R-HSA-3249390 TBK1 is phosphorylated within STING:TBK1:STAT6 complex R-HSA-8948709 DTX4 ubiquitinates p-S172-TBK1 within NLRP4:DTX4:STING:TBK1:IRF3 R-HSA-3134975 Regulation of innate immune responses to cytosolic DNA R-HSA-1834941 STING mediated induction of host immune responses R-HSA-1834949 Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA R-HSA-3270619 IRF3-mediated induction of type I IFN R-HSA-3249367 STAT6-mediated induction of chemokines R-HSA-6798695 Neutrophil degranulation R-HSA-168249 Innate Immune System R-HSA-168256 Immune System
US Server
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
