Human Gene TRH (ENST00000302649.4_8) from GENCODE V47lift37
  Description: thyrotropin releasing hormone (from RefSeq NM_007117.5)
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000302649.4_8
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000170893.4_13
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg19 chr3:129,693,563-129,696,778 Size: 3,216 Total Exon Count: 3 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: hg19 chr3:129,694,660-129,696,059 Size: 1,400 Coding Exon Count: 2 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersMalaCardsCTD
Gene AllelesRNA-Seq ExpressionMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther Species
GO AnnotationsmRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther NamesModel InformationMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2024-08-22 23:36:26

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr3:129,693,563-129,696,778)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (242 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAVisiGeneGene interactionsTable Schema
AlphaFoldBioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGeneCards
HGNCMalacardsMGIOMIMPubMedReactome
UniProtKBBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: TRH_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Prothyroliberin; Contains: RecName: Full=Thyroliberin; AltName: Full=Protirelin; AltName: Full=TSH-releasing factor; AltName: Full=Thyrotropin-releasing factor; Short=TRF; AltName: Full=Thyrotropin-releasing hormone; Short=TRH; Flags: Precursor;
FUNCTION: Functions as a regulator of the biosynthesis of TSH in the anterior pituitary gland and as a neurotransmitter/ neuromodulator in the central and peripheral nervous systems. May promote hair shaft elongation, prolonge the hair cycle growth phase (anagen) and antagonized its termination by TGFB2. May also increase proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of hair matrix keratinocytes.
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Hypothalamus. Expressed in the hair follicle epithelium (at protein level).
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRH family.
WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=Thyrotropin-releasing hormone entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone";

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  MalaCards Disease Associations
  MalaCards Gene Search: TRH
Diseases sorted by gene-association score: thyrotropin-releasing hormone deficiency* (194), hyperprolactinemia (20), hypothyroidism (18), endogenous depression (16), empty sella syndrome (14), adenohypophysitis (13), pituitary adenoma, prolactin-secreting (13), acromegaly (10), hyperthyroidism (10), thyroid hormone resistance (10), pituitary adenoma (9), hyperthyroxinemia (9), generalized resistance to thyroid hormone (9), suprasellar meningioma (9), goiter (8), hyperpituitarism (8), chromophobe adenoma (8), reactive arthritis (7), craniopharyngioma (7), thyroiditis (7), thyroid gland disease (7), amenorrhea (6), graves disease 1 (6), postsurgical hypothyroidism (6), pituitary-dependent cushing's disease (6), functioning pituitary adenoma (6), adjustment disorder (6), acth deficiency (5), endocrine organ benign neoplasm (5), toxic diffuse goiter (5), organ system benign neoplasm (4), cell type benign neoplasm (1)
* = Manually curated disease association

-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

+  Common Gene Haplotype Alleles
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 10.01 RPKM in Brain - Hypothalamus
Total median expression: 24.63 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -46.60112-0.416 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -232.50719-0.323 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR008857 - TRH

Pfam Domains:
PF05438 - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P20396
FrontTopSide
The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
No orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene DetailsGene Details    
Gene SorterGene Sorter    
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-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0005179 hormone activity
GO:0008437 thyrotropin-releasing hormone activity

Biological Process:
GO:0001666 response to hypoxia
GO:0001692 histamine metabolic process
GO:0007165 signal transduction
GO:0007186 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling
GO:0007628 adult walking behavior
GO:0009409 response to cold
GO:0009749 response to glucose
GO:0009755 hormone-mediated signaling pathway
GO:0010469 regulation of receptor activity
GO:0014050 negative regulation of glutamate secretion
GO:0014054 positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
GO:0014070 response to organic cyclic compound
GO:0032024 positive regulation of insulin secretion
GO:0042755 eating behavior
GO:0045471 response to ethanol
GO:0051412 response to corticosterone
GO:2000252 negative regulation of feeding behavior

Cellular Component:
GO:0005576 extracellular region
GO:0005634 nucleus
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
GO:0030141 secretory granule


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  AK313473 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ94020, Homo sapiens thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), mRNA.
BC110515 - Homo sapiens thyrotropin-releasing hormone, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:125964 IMAGE:40031770), complete cds.
BC110516 - Homo sapiens thyrotropin-releasing hormone, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:125965 IMAGE:40031772), complete cds.
BC069375 - Homo sapiens thyrotropin-releasing hormone, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:97018 IMAGE:7262227), complete cds.
JD447923 - Sequence 428947 from Patent EP1572962.
BC074888 - Homo sapiens thyrotropin-releasing hormone, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:103862 IMAGE:30915244), complete cds.
BC074889 - Homo sapiens thyrotropin-releasing hormone, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:104031 IMAGE:30915475), complete cds.
KJ897705 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_07099 TRH gene, encodes complete protein.
JD126991 - Sequence 108015 from Patent EP1572962.
JD104603 - Sequence 85627 from Patent EP1572962.
JD241819 - Sequence 222843 from Patent EP1572962.
JD101742 - Sequence 82766 from Patent EP1572962.
JD432385 - Sequence 413409 from Patent EP1572962.
JD085587 - Sequence 66611 from Patent EP1572962.
JD525268 - Sequence 506292 from Patent EP1572962.
JD425556 - Sequence 406580 from Patent EP1572962.
JD488770 - Sequence 469794 from Patent EP1572962.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein P20396 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-444498 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor binds thyrotropin
R-HSA-749452 The Ligand:GPCR:Gq complex dissociates
R-HSA-749448 Liganded Gq-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric Gq
R-HSA-379048 Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11
R-HSA-375276 Peptide ligand-binding receptors
R-HSA-416476 G alpha (q) signalling events
R-HSA-373076 Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
R-HSA-388396 GPCR downstream signalling
R-HSA-500792 GPCR ligand binding
R-HSA-372790 Signaling by GPCR
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: B2R8R1, ENST00000302649.1, ENST00000302649.2, ENST00000302649.3, NM_007117, P20396, Q2TB83, TRH_HUMAN, uc317ncf.1, uc317ncf.2
UCSC ID: ENST00000302649.4_8
RefSeq Accession: NM_007117.5
Protein: P20396 (aka TRH_HUMAN)

-  Gene Model Information
  Click here for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.