ID:THIO_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Thioredoxin; Short=Trx; AltName: Full=ATL-derived factor; Short=ADF; AltName: Full=Surface-associated sulphydryl protein; Short=SASP; FUNCTION: Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Plays a role in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues in target proteins, and thereby contributes to the response to intracellular nitric oxide. Nitrosylates the active site Cys of CASP3 in response to nitric oxide (NO), and thereby inhibits caspase-3 activity. Induces the FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA-binding activity in ionizing radiation (IR) cells through its oxidation/reduction status and stimulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. FUNCTION: ADF augments the expression of the interleukin-2 receptor TAC (IL2R/P55). SUBUNIT: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with TXNIP through the redox-active site. Interacts with MAP3K5 and CASP3. In case of infection, interacts with S.typhimurium protein slrP. Interacts with APEX1; the interaction stimulates the FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA- binding activity in a redox-dependent manner. INTERACTION: Q92905:COPS5; NbExp=8; IntAct=EBI-594644, EBI-594661; Q99683:MAP3K5; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-594644, EBI-476263; Q99836:MYD88; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-594644, EBI-447677; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Secreted. Note=Secreted by a leaderless secretory pathway. Predominantly in the cytoplasm in non irradiated cells. Radiation induces translocation of TRX from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. INDUCTION: Up-regulated by ionizing radiation. PTM: In the fully reduced protein, both Cys-69 and Cys-73 are nitrosylated in response to nitric oxide (NO). When two disulfide bonds are present in the protein, only Cys-73 is nitrosylated. Cys-73 can serve as donor for nitrosylation of target proteins. PTM: In case of infection, ubiquitinated by S.typhimurium protein slrP, leading to its degradation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thioredoxin family. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 thioredoxin domain. WEB RESOURCE: Name=NIEHS-SNPs; URL="http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/txn/";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P10599
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
Molecular Function: GO:0003723 RNA binding GO:0004791 thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity GO:0005515 protein binding GO:0015035 protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity GO:0015037 peptide disulfide oxidoreductase activity GO:0016671 oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, disulfide as acceptor GO:0047134 protein-disulfide reductase activity
Biological Process: GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0006351 transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006662 glycerol ether metabolic process GO:0007165 signal transduction GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling GO:0008283 cell proliferation GO:0009314 response to radiation GO:0032148 activation of protein kinase B activity GO:0033138 positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation GO:0033158 regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation GO:0043388 positive regulation of DNA binding GO:0045454 cell redox homeostasis GO:0046826 negative regulation of protein export from nucleus GO:0051897 positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling GO:0055114 oxidation-reduction process GO:0098869 cellular oxidant detoxification GO:1903206 negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death
US Server
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
